Polonia /
POLES vs BULGARIANS [160]
Usually that way, Milo. The minority can frequently understand, even speak, if not always well, the majority language.
Unfortunately, it rarely works in the reverse:-)
Many Dutch native speakers can understand German. Germans in The Netherlands?? It's gonna be English, German or nada!
Or Poles in Russia as yet another example. ALL Poles who grew up during the Communist Era had to learn Russian, some much older learned German rather than English. They understand Russian, but don't necessarily speak it.
Russians in Poland can probably finagle their way around the language, but can't really "speak" Polish. They'll likely use Russian, or, in a(n) [uncomfortable] pinch, English.
Closely related languages too are chocked with false friendsLOL