I also want to actually learn things and develop business connections, not just get a diploma.
Polish universities don't have good links with industry - and the quality of their English language programs are not great. Yes, it really is just about making money for them.
I might want to work in Germany, or get a PhD in Germany,
Get a PhD with what goal in mind? Either you're an entrepreneur or an academic. The two rarely go together.
I think you're also making a bit of an error in thinking of Poland as eastern European and not 'too badly westernized'. it's very much westernized at this stage. Poland is a member of the EU and the younger generations in the large towns and cities are outward looking.
What do you think about Krakow?
If you don't mind being poisoned by the toxic air quality in winter, it might be ok.