Regarding the words "Pan" and "Pani" - I believe they use the words "Sir" and "Ma'am" in the UK all the time
A long time ago in very formal situations, like expensive shops. The police used to say Sir and Madam but not I think nowadays. At school, it was always Sir and Miss.
In expensive old-fashioned clothes shops, they used to use the "Sir/Madam is", "would Sir like" exactly as it is in Polish. This may be due to tailors and seamstresses many years ago being of the Jewish faith and from Poland.
I've only ever said it at school, and as an employee of an army somewhere when with my direct boss, a General (but only in formal situations) and when speaking with the country's President. As a civilian there's no obligation to however it seemed right at the time.
In PL, only Pan/Pani to older people that I don't know and don't enjoy being addressed like that.
My neighbour is always shocked when I address the local
Priest as "Ty". That won't change; in the region where I come from we traditionally address clergy as "friend" and that will have to do.
Related:
https://polishforums.com/archives/2010-2019/language/poland-pan-people-address-57168/