Language /
Polish Accusative / Genitive case [20]
So I think I finally understand the accusative case (please correct me if not). It refers to the direct object of a sentence, so I have a
book, I watch
television, I have a
new car, I want
coffee (The bolded are the direct objects, which must be in accusative along with their accompanying adjectives
* Masculine nouns (only those which refer to people and animals) add -a
* Their adjectives add -ego
* Masculine inanimate nouns (things) remain nominative
* Neuter nouns / adjs. remain nominative
* Feminine nouns (both animate and inanimate) change a to ę
* Adjectives change a to ą
Thus: Masculine accusative;
- Mam dobrego kota (Mam dobry kot in nominative) I have a good cat
Masculine accusative (inanimate)
- Mam dobry regał (Unchanged) I have a good bookcase
Feminine accusative:
- Mam dobrą książkę (Mam dobra ksziążka in nominative) I have a good book
Neuter accusative:
- Mam dobre łóżko (Unchanged) I have a good bed
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Now to the genitive case...
It's used in 5 different ways:
1.) Posessives.. equivalent to english 's, eg Marks brother (brata Marka) - the possessed object comes first
2.) Negated verb.. genitive replaces direct object, eg Mam siostrę.. Nie mam siostry (I have a sister / I don't have a sister)
3.) After some prepositions such as od / do.. (z Poznania do Warszawy)
4.) After quantities; Mam małó czasu
5.) After some verbs like szukać, słuchać, uczyć się, życzyć
* Masculine animate nouns (people, animals) have same ending as in accusative (-a)
* Masculine inanimate nouns (things) add -u
* Neuter nouns also take masculine acc form and add -a
* Genitive ending for masculine / neuter adjectives is -ego
* Feminine nouns take -i after k,g or soft consonants
* Other nouns take -y
* Feminine adjectives add -ej
Thus, Masculine genitive (Animate):
- Nie mam brata
Masculine genitive (Inanimate):
- Nie lubię brązowego regału
Neutral genitive:
- Muszę iść do miasta
Feminine Genitive:
- dom mojej siostry
So I think I kind of understand all of this, it makes sense as I wrote all of the things above .. but I'm having real difficulty trying to determine if something should be in genitive when speaking or writing. Will it always be so analytical or will it come eventually? Does anyone have any suggestions or links to some excercises (with simple vocabulary) on accusative and genetive? I thought I would learn about accusative / genetive / locative before I start learning all of the vocabulary, since these 3 (+nom) make up for the majority of stuff. I'm learning only from a book I have as I don't really have the money to afford private lessons here in Poznań :)
Appreciate any help, thanks
PS> I found this: polish-dictionary.com/polish-accusative-case