pawian
6 Aug 2023
History / Communism fell 20 years ago, Poland led the fight since WW2 [341]
Another bs. Atch explained some time ago that they didn`t.
abandoned
Another bs. Atch explained some time ago that they didn`t.
pawian
6 Aug 2023
News / Polish Parliamentary Elections 2023 [933]
It is amasing how antiEuropeans are so obsessed with sexuality... They see only sex everywhere. :):):)
If the gay ideology had stopped with gay marriage
It is amasing how antiEuropeans are so obsessed with sexuality... They see only sex everywhere. :):):)
pawian
6 Aug 2023
History / Communism fell 20 years ago, Poland led the fight since WW2 [341]
BS. :):) So why is Ireland ranked as 8???
Catholicism = bad.
BS. :):) So why is Ireland ranked as 8???
pawian
6 Aug 2023
News / R. Trzaskowski, current mayor of Warsaw, future President of Poland [354]
yes, we are both extremely intelligent, well educated and decent men. The only difference is that he is younger and more handsome. But I don`t envy him.
You both have very similar character..
yes, we are both extremely intelligent, well educated and decent men. The only difference is that he is younger and more handsome. But I don`t envy him.
pawian
6 Aug 2023
History / Communism fell 20 years ago, Poland led the fight since WW2 [341]
Really? So why is Poland ranked 50 in the democracy index (46 in 2022) with Flawed Democracy rating? Even Columbia and Panama are ahead of us
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist_Democracy_Index
Why do the creators of such a rating think so badly of Poland?
an unheathy doze of arrogance
Really? So why is Poland ranked 50 in the democracy index (46 in 2022) with Flawed Democracy rating? Even Columbia and Panama are ahead of us
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist_Democracy_Index
Why do the creators of such a rating think so badly of Poland?
pawian
6 Aug 2023
Language / Dupa - what a beautiful Polish word [103]
Nope, coz it isn`t as beautiful a word as dupa.
Nope, coz it isn`t as beautiful a word as dupa.
pawian
6 Aug 2023
News / Years of Poland in the EU - assessment of pros and cons [1199]
The title of the thread lost 15 at the beginning. Amasing!!! :):):) I started the thread in 2019 to commemorate the 15th anniversary of Poland in the EU.
Conservative is still normal. However, , breaking the law and Constitution and robbing the state of its assets in such a cheeky way as PiS are doing is certainly East European style.
I said it last October. Nothing has changed - the EU is still blocking the funds coz PiS refuses to cancel their deforms of the judiciary.
Good. During the election campaign, the opposition will claim they are going to unblock the funds as soon as possible. Millions of Poles are waiting.
Down with corrupt PiS!
The title of the thread lost 15 at the beginning. Amasing!!! :):):) I started the thread in 2019 to commemorate the 15th anniversary of Poland in the EU.
we are European par excellence, the heart of Europe; and anyway, Europe has already started turning conservative, so there.
Conservative is still normal. However, , breaking the law and Constitution and robbing the state of its assets in such a cheeky way as PiS are doing is certainly East European style.
Rightists are getting really desperate coz the EU is still blocking covid recovery funds
I said it last October. Nothing has changed - the EU is still blocking the funds coz PiS refuses to cancel their deforms of the judiciary.
Good. During the election campaign, the opposition will claim they are going to unblock the funds as soon as possible. Millions of Poles are waiting.
Down with corrupt PiS!
pawian
6 Aug 2023
News / R. Trzaskowski, current mayor of Warsaw, future President of Poland [354]
Mr Future President of Poland Trzaskowski regularly proves he is able to forget political differences and divisions. Here, meeting current President Duda who is a PiS puppet.
Mr Future President of Poland Trzaskowski regularly proves he is able to forget political differences and divisions. Here, meeting current President Duda who is a PiS puppet.
000HH6EWXQTYCVEBC32.jpg
pawian
6 Aug 2023
History / Communism fell 20 years ago, Poland led the fight since WW2 [341]
We talked about it in other threads ad nauseam. If you suffer from amnesia, it is not my problem. Get a treatment first and then come back.
Explain how, in deital and explain well
We talked about it in other threads ad nauseam. If you suffer from amnesia, it is not my problem. Get a treatment first and then come back.
pawian
6 Aug 2023
UK, Ireland / Poles living in the United Kingdom - give us a shout [11]
It is a person you are talking to. Is it a too difficult term for you??? :):):)
The whole aisle was in communist times. But a few empty shelves in such a country as GB are enough to arouse interest.
is an interlocutor?
It is a person you are talking to. Is it a too difficult term for you??? :):):)
make it the whole aisle
The whole aisle was in communist times. But a few empty shelves in such a country as GB are enough to arouse interest.
pawian
6 Aug 2023
History / Communism fell 20 years ago, Poland led the fight since WW2 [341]
I started this thread exactly 14 years ago.
Today I can admit I created it as a sort of promotion for the Polish nation. Poles in my thread were brave, resolute anti-communists. Decent people. I consciously whitened the image.
Now, when millions of Poles vote for PiS which loves resorting to methods and styles exploited by communists, it is time to tarnish that positive image of Poles.
If communists were able to provide a good standard of life, Poles would never revolt against the system and establish Solidarity in 1980. They would still live happily in a communist country, enjoying their Polish sausages and baby Fiat cars. Communists lost only because there was a painful economic crisis and most people weren`t able to buy good sausage, let alone afford a baby Fiat. Finally they had enough. Solidarity came into being not because Poles rejected communism as a corrupt system. No, many loved it coz they received various benefits and lived off corruption which permeated all spheres of life.
Today PiS is also offering benefits which greatly contribute to high inflation. They break democratic standards, ignore the Constitution and destroy. the rule of law. However, 30% of their voters don`t mind. They think and act like homo sovieticus azholes who would vote for soviet-like communists if they still existed in Poland.
But Poles never gave up hope and many times they tried to throw off the communist yoke.
I started this thread exactly 14 years ago.
Today I can admit I created it as a sort of promotion for the Polish nation. Poles in my thread were brave, resolute anti-communists. Decent people. I consciously whitened the image.
Now, when millions of Poles vote for PiS which loves resorting to methods and styles exploited by communists, it is time to tarnish that positive image of Poles.
If communists were able to provide a good standard of life, Poles would never revolt against the system and establish Solidarity in 1980. They would still live happily in a communist country, enjoying their Polish sausages and baby Fiat cars. Communists lost only because there was a painful economic crisis and most people weren`t able to buy good sausage, let alone afford a baby Fiat. Finally they had enough. Solidarity came into being not because Poles rejected communism as a corrupt system. No, many loved it coz they received various benefits and lived off corruption which permeated all spheres of life.
Today PiS is also offering benefits which greatly contribute to high inflation. They break democratic standards, ignore the Constitution and destroy. the rule of law. However, 30% of their voters don`t mind. They think and act like homo sovieticus azholes who would vote for soviet-like communists if they still existed in Poland.
pawian
6 Aug 2023
News / Polish Parliamentary Elections 2023 [933]
Not only. Among Poland there is Turkey, Russia etc. Countries which suppress freedom of speech and break democracy and the rule of law.
High time. But it is up to Poles to do it, not Westerners.
Yes, it is so sad that after so many years when Poland was developing towards becoming a normal European country, under PiS we have returned to Eastern Europe stereotype. We lost 30 years. Thanks to those brainwashed homo sovieticus azholes who voted for PiS and its benefits.
how the liberal western press views Poland and the current Polish government.
Not only. Among Poland there is Turkey, Russia etc. Countries which suppress freedom of speech and break democracy and the rule of law.
lush them down the toilet
High time. But it is up to Poles to do it, not Westerners.
Poland under PiS rule in good company.
Yes, it is so sad that after so many years when Poland was developing towards becoming a normal European country, under PiS we have returned to Eastern Europe stereotype. We lost 30 years. Thanks to those brainwashed homo sovieticus azholes who voted for PiS and its benefits.
pawian
6 Aug 2023
UK, Ireland / Poles living in the United Kingdom - give us a shout [11]
Both of our interlocutors add that the effects of Brexit can also be felt in everyday life, for example when visiting a store. And it's not just about the prices of products, but also about their availability. - The key word here is shortage - says Ewelina. - A shortage of products. After Brexit, you could often come across empty shelves, which was unheard of before. This had a very strong impact on consumer behavior, people in panic bought everyday items from stores en masse - he recalls.- It often happens that some products are missing in stores - confirms Kaja. - For example, vegetables: peppers, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers - he enumerates. And he adds: - Food banks , i.e. places where you can get free food, have also become something common . It used to be used only by the poorest people, today it is used by more and more people, often even those who would not be suspected of it.
Our interlocutor also admits that the British were shocked by the difficulties with travel caused by Brexit. After leaving the EU, they can stay in the Community for no longer than three months, and when traveling around EU countries, they often have to go through many formalities - fill out additional documents, show return tickets, prove that they have enough financial resources to cover their stay.A similar surprise for the British was how the costs of sending and receiving parcels from EU member countries increased due to customs duties and additional charges . The same with the mobile phone. - Some networks charge extra when crossing the EU border. Not every operator automatically offered "full coverage" when traveling to the EU - we hear from Ewelina.
Kaja emphasizes that the negative effects of Brexit democratically affected everyone. - The situation has gotten much worse. The whole society suffers cross-sectionally - from the poorest to those really well-off, who also strongly complain about living more modestly than before - he says. As always, however, it hit the poorest hardest: - In London you feel like an immigrant at every step. You seem to have this great, wonderful world next to you, which is at your fingertips, but in fact you have no access to it and you can only watch.
Empty shelves remind of communist times
Interesting remarks by Polish immigrants on brexit
Both of our interlocutors add that the effects of Brexit can also be felt in everyday life, for example when visiting a store. And it's not just about the prices of products, but also about their availability. - The key word here is shortage - says Ewelina. - A shortage of products. After Brexit, you could often come across empty shelves, which was unheard of before. This had a very strong impact on consumer behavior, people in panic bought everyday items from stores en masse - he recalls.- It often happens that some products are missing in stores - confirms Kaja. - For example, vegetables: peppers, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers - he enumerates. And he adds: - Food banks , i.e. places where you can get free food, have also become something common . It used to be used only by the poorest people, today it is used by more and more people, often even those who would not be suspected of it.
Our interlocutor also admits that the British were shocked by the difficulties with travel caused by Brexit. After leaving the EU, they can stay in the Community for no longer than three months, and when traveling around EU countries, they often have to go through many formalities - fill out additional documents, show return tickets, prove that they have enough financial resources to cover their stay.A similar surprise for the British was how the costs of sending and receiving parcels from EU member countries increased due to customs duties and additional charges . The same with the mobile phone. - Some networks charge extra when crossing the EU border. Not every operator automatically offered "full coverage" when traveling to the EU - we hear from Ewelina.
Kaja emphasizes that the negative effects of Brexit democratically affected everyone. - The situation has gotten much worse. The whole society suffers cross-sectionally - from the poorest to those really well-off, who also strongly complain about living more modestly than before - he says. As always, however, it hit the poorest hardest: - In London you feel like an immigrant at every step. You seem to have this great, wonderful world next to you, which is at your fingertips, but in fact you have no access to it and you can only watch.
Empty shelves remind of communist times
000HHXEU83PESUTNC32.jpg
pawian
6 Aug 2023
Language / Dupa - what a beautiful Polish word [103]
Ode to ass - version III
The ass deprived mankind of paradise
The ass tempted Adam', not an apple
The ass often appointed kings of old times
The ass also dethroned them many times
The ass makes rich, the ass ruins
The ass controls the fate of the world
Ass helps and the ass hinders
The ass loves and ass betrays
The ass makes beggars and kings rejoice
The ass reigns in the palace and in the cottage
The ass tastes to the young and old
The ass breathes lust, intoxicates with charm
The ass smells, the ass stinks
The ass also farts wonderfully
The ass poops big turds
The ass plays the clarinet
The ass is the engine always and everywhere
The ass is the password and the password will be
The ass invigorates and the ass gives birth
The ass never hurts anybody
The ass gets girls out of poverty
The ass is the best money mine
The ass attracts a;; boys like a bank
The ass leads suckers to the altar
And that's where the moral comes from:
A man is born and comes out of an ass
A man gets married and climbs an ass
A man dies while on the ass
Everything in this world depends on the ass!
greatest Polish comedy playwright Aleksander Fredro
Ode to ass - version III
The ass deprived mankind of paradise
The ass tempted Adam', not an apple
The ass often appointed kings of old times
The ass also dethroned them many times
The ass makes rich, the ass ruins
The ass controls the fate of the world
Ass helps and the ass hinders
The ass loves and ass betrays
The ass makes beggars and kings rejoice
The ass reigns in the palace and in the cottage
The ass tastes to the young and old
The ass breathes lust, intoxicates with charm
The ass smells, the ass stinks
The ass also farts wonderfully
The ass poops big turds
The ass plays the clarinet
The ass is the engine always and everywhere
The ass is the password and the password will be
The ass invigorates and the ass gives birth
The ass never hurts anybody
The ass gets girls out of poverty
The ass is the best money mine
The ass attracts a;; boys like a bank
The ass leads suckers to the altar
And that's where the moral comes from:
A man is born and comes out of an ass
A man gets married and climbs an ass
A man dies while on the ass
Everything in this world depends on the ass!
pawian
6 Aug 2023
News / Polish Silesian Autonomy movement [67]
That is why the support for them oscillates from 3% to 8%, depending on what elections are taking place. .
I have never identified myself with this movement.
That is why the support for them oscillates from 3% to 8%, depending on what elections are taking place. .
pawian
6 Aug 2023
UK, Ireland / Poles living in the United Kingdom - give us a shout [11]
wydarzenia.interia.pl/raport-brytyjskie-referendum/news-brytania-juz-nie-jest-wielka-brexit-topi-upadle-mocarstwo,nId,6947356
Interesting remarks by Polish immigrants on brexit and its catastrophic results in an extensive overview:
For the third anniversary of the UK leaving the EU, Bloomberg Economics has prepared an extensive analysis of the situation. The authors' calculations show that each year the UK loses £100 billion on its decision , or exactly EUR 116 billion (at the exchange rate of August 6, 2023).
Adhering to this metaphor, although it's been 3.5 years since the divorce, the United Kingdom , which is seeking an end to its marriage , is unable to list the tangible benefits of ending its relationship with the European Union . - Even those who are still convinced of it cannot defend it with strong arguments - says Kaja Kunz, a 36-year-old Polish woman living in Edinburgh and previously in London , in an interview with Interia . - Whoever I talk about it, we only exchange knowing glances that say: what the hell was it for?! Today, hardly anyone admits that they voted for Brexit. One can even get the impression that it is not known how the UK left the EU - he says.
This is confirmed by another of our interlocutors. Ewelina Gargała is 29 years old, has been living in London for five years and works in strategic consulting. When we ask her how the British view Brexit after 3.5 years , she answers: - The vast majority of people who participated in the referendum and voted for leaving the EU had no knowledge or awareness of the consequences it would have in the future. This was confirmed by several of my friends whose family members voted for Brexit .
Hard data leaves no illusions, but these are not just numbers detached from everyday reality. Their impact on the lives of residents of the United Kingdom is confirmed by Interia's interlocutors who have been living in the UK for years.In the foreground, as in Poland, high prices stand out, which in the UK is referred to as the "cost of living crisis" . - This is currently the main political and economic topic, the so-called hot topic, but also discussed in market analyzes or, especially, in everyday conversations of people - says Ewelina Gargała, a Pole living in London, to Interia.- Brexit has hit the British wallets very hard. Real estate prices, rental costs, service prices, many everyday products have increased. We spend the same as before, and you can buy much less than before Brexit - admits Kaja Kunz, a Pole living and working in Edinburgh. As he adds, Brexit has had the greatest impact on the cost of living, and, compounded by inflation, weak wage growth, the coronavirus pandemic and the war in Ukraine , it has made "prices in the UK a massacre" .
Kaja gives an example from her life. She and her wife are just moving. The house near Edinburgh, which they had rented for two years, cost them £800 a month. Now the owners have put it for rent for £1,150, an increase of almost 50 per cent. Another of our interlocutors, Ewelina, also points to the problem with the availability of flats . As he says, a large increase in interest rates and the amount of loan installments, combined with a shortage of apartments on the market, have made finding "own F" at an acceptable price almost a miracle.
Poles living in the United Kingdom
wydarzenia.interia.pl/raport-brytyjskie-referendum/news-brytania-juz-nie-jest-wielka-brexit-topi-upadle-mocarstwo,nId,6947356
Interesting remarks by Polish immigrants on brexit and its catastrophic results in an extensive overview:
For the third anniversary of the UK leaving the EU, Bloomberg Economics has prepared an extensive analysis of the situation. The authors' calculations show that each year the UK loses £100 billion on its decision , or exactly EUR 116 billion (at the exchange rate of August 6, 2023).
Adhering to this metaphor, although it's been 3.5 years since the divorce, the United Kingdom , which is seeking an end to its marriage , is unable to list the tangible benefits of ending its relationship with the European Union . - Even those who are still convinced of it cannot defend it with strong arguments - says Kaja Kunz, a 36-year-old Polish woman living in Edinburgh and previously in London , in an interview with Interia . - Whoever I talk about it, we only exchange knowing glances that say: what the hell was it for?! Today, hardly anyone admits that they voted for Brexit. One can even get the impression that it is not known how the UK left the EU - he says.
This is confirmed by another of our interlocutors. Ewelina Gargała is 29 years old, has been living in London for five years and works in strategic consulting. When we ask her how the British view Brexit after 3.5 years , she answers: - The vast majority of people who participated in the referendum and voted for leaving the EU had no knowledge or awareness of the consequences it would have in the future. This was confirmed by several of my friends whose family members voted for Brexit .
Hard data leaves no illusions, but these are not just numbers detached from everyday reality. Their impact on the lives of residents of the United Kingdom is confirmed by Interia's interlocutors who have been living in the UK for years.In the foreground, as in Poland, high prices stand out, which in the UK is referred to as the "cost of living crisis" . - This is currently the main political and economic topic, the so-called hot topic, but also discussed in market analyzes or, especially, in everyday conversations of people - says Ewelina Gargała, a Pole living in London, to Interia.- Brexit has hit the British wallets very hard. Real estate prices, rental costs, service prices, many everyday products have increased. We spend the same as before, and you can buy much less than before Brexit - admits Kaja Kunz, a Pole living and working in Edinburgh. As he adds, Brexit has had the greatest impact on the cost of living, and, compounded by inflation, weak wage growth, the coronavirus pandemic and the war in Ukraine , it has made "prices in the UK a massacre" .
Kaja gives an example from her life. She and her wife are just moving. The house near Edinburgh, which they had rented for two years, cost them £800 a month. Now the owners have put it for rent for £1,150, an increase of almost 50 per cent. Another of our interlocutors, Ewelina, also points to the problem with the availability of flats . As he says, a large increase in interest rates and the amount of loan installments, combined with a shortage of apartments on the market, have made finding "own F" at an acceptable price almost a miracle.
pawian
5 Aug 2023
News / Polish Silesian Autonomy movement [67]
The movement is still active, they hold annual parades but it seems they don`t have too many supporters.
The movement is still active, they hold annual parades but it seems they don`t have too many supporters.
pawian
5 Aug 2023
Language / Dupa - what a beautiful Polish word [103]
By the greatest Polish comedy playwright Aleksander Fredro
For those who are less sensitive about the language used and with a sense of humor.
Wiersz o Dupie:
Wiersz o Dupie:
By the greatest Polish comedy playwright Aleksander Fredro
pawian
5 Aug 2023
History / Warsaw Rising 1944 - National Disaster or Triumph of Spirit ? [515]
There was even a film and a comic story about them in communist times. I didn`t watch the film but read this comic.
Warsaw Robinsons
There was even a film and a comic story about them in communist times. I didn`t watch the film but read this comic.
1.jpg
pawian
5 Aug 2023
Life / Armenian Community in Poland? [10]
Poles are of two minds. On the one hand. we sympathise with Armenians coz there used to be an energetic Armenian minority in old Poland. Besides, they are Christian like us.
However, their love and support for Russia is very suspicious. Right now Armenia is one of the main channels for supplying Russia with goods sanctioned by the West.
Will be there any protest about the 100 years of the Turkish genocide agains the Armenian
Poles are of two minds. On the one hand. we sympathise with Armenians coz there used to be an energetic Armenian minority in old Poland. Besides, they are Christian like us.
However, their love and support for Russia is very suspicious. Right now Armenia is one of the main channels for supplying Russia with goods sanctioned by the West.
pawian
5 Aug 2023
pawian
5 Aug 2023
News / Polish Parliamentary Elections 2023 [933]
How much is the Kremlin paying you for trolling against the EU??? Be gone, secret agent of Putin!
And this is why the EU will collapse,
How much is the Kremlin paying you for trolling against the EU??? Be gone, secret agent of Putin!
pawian
5 Aug 2023
pawian
5 Aug 2023
News / Polish Parliamentary Elections 2023 [933]
BS. They are mentally stuck in communist times. Just one example: the deform of education they introduced consisted only on returning to the system which existed in communism. They are unable to create anything new which would be of some value because they lack intelligent people in their ranks. Simple.
Fekk those loser communist epigones!
PiS are actually the progressive ones, they look to the future not the past.
BS. They are mentally stuck in communist times. Just one example: the deform of education they introduced consisted only on returning to the system which existed in communism. They are unable to create anything new which would be of some value because they lack intelligent people in their ranks. Simple.
Fekk those loser communist epigones!
pawian
5 Aug 2023
Language / Good Polish Music To Help Me Learn? [44]
Check this beautiful ballad from the Polish western (or eastern) Law and Fist from 1960s. Sung by a professional actor with excellent diction. English subs available.
I really appreciate how I am able to hear his lyrics nice and clear.
Check this beautiful ballad from the Polish western (or eastern) Law and Fist from 1960s. Sung by a professional actor with excellent diction. English subs available.
pawian
5 Aug 2023
Off-Topic / A Public Apology [18]
And it concerned which issue exactly?
which I posited was deemed in large part false!
And it concerned which issue exactly?
pawian
3 Aug 2023
News / Brilliant Poles and Polesses - presentation [65]
Stick to the topic of the thread.
Same with na Ukrainie - what a joke!
Stick to the topic of the thread.
pawian
3 Aug 2023
History / Warsaw Rising 1944 - National Disaster or Triumph of Spirit ? [515]
Wow! Is it one of your golden thoughts?? :):):)
but we are still here and kicking!
Wow! Is it one of your golden thoughts?? :):):)
pawian
3 Aug 2023
News / Polish Parliamentary Elections 2023 [933]
Don`t be silly, Kaczyński relies on Morawiecki too much.
What is another "clever" idea of yours???
maybe they should let Morawiecki go!
Don`t be silly, Kaczyński relies on Morawiecki too much.
What is another "clever" idea of yours???
pawian
3 Aug 2023
History / History of Poland in a pill - illustrated [41]
So far we briefly discussed 3 points
1. Baptism
2. Kings and queens
3. Golden Age
Now it is time for
4. Decline
It began in mid 17th century. Polish elites refused to introduce necessary reforms. There was a constant problem with collecting taxes and financing the regular army. Corrupt gentry and aristocracy played their dirty political games and disobeyed or openly revolted against their rulers. Invasions by foreign powers like Sweden or internal conflicts with Ukrainian cossacks brought about incredible destruction. Economy was mostly based on primitive work of peasants enslaved by their gentry owners - export of grain to Western Europe was Polish specialty. Kings couldn`t do much because of gentry`s ambitions - Parliament sessions were regularly disrupted and new laws were nullified with the use of Liberum Veto which allowed even a single parliament member to stop the legislature process. Those vetoers were often bribed by foreign countries.
The country was gradually going to the dogs, and its elites didn`t notice the rise of new powers, especially Russia under tsar Peter the Great. At the beginning of the 18th century, he and his armies were doing what they wanted in Poland and Lithuania.
Polish parliament called Sejm in 17th century
So far we briefly discussed 3 points
1. Baptism
2. Kings and queens
3. Golden Age
Now it is time for
4. Decline
It began in mid 17th century. Polish elites refused to introduce necessary reforms. There was a constant problem with collecting taxes and financing the regular army. Corrupt gentry and aristocracy played their dirty political games and disobeyed or openly revolted against their rulers. Invasions by foreign powers like Sweden or internal conflicts with Ukrainian cossacks brought about incredible destruction. Economy was mostly based on primitive work of peasants enslaved by their gentry owners - export of grain to Western Europe was Polish specialty. Kings couldn`t do much because of gentry`s ambitions - Parliament sessions were regularly disrupted and new laws were nullified with the use of Liberum Veto which allowed even a single parliament member to stop the legislature process. Those vetoers were often bribed by foreign countries.
The country was gradually going to the dogs, and its elites didn`t notice the rise of new powers, especially Russia under tsar Peter the Great. At the beginning of the 18th century, he and his armies were doing what they wanted in Poland and Lithuania.
Polish parliament called Sejm in 17th century
1.jpg
2.jpg