Wow, never before have I heard this word for a cake.
Fritters are basically stuff dipped in batter similar to the batter you make for Naleśniki. They can be sweet or savoury. When I was a kid my mother used to make apple fritters, slices of apple dipped in batter and deep fried. In old fashioned cookery British cookery books it's a common recipe.
They are a bit similar to British scones
They certainly look identical in the picture you posted but looks can be deceiving :) I'd like to try American biscuits I must say, but only homemade ones. I see they originate in the South so you must have tasted some good ones in your time :) Lifted from a UK cookery site:
What Are The Differences?
#1. British scones tend to contain more sugar and fat - served with jam and clotted cream. American biscuits are typically served alongside savoury dishes such as chicken, soup or gravy.
#2. British scones will use milk instead of cream or buttermilk.
#3. Scones are more dense and rich compared to the light and flaky consistency of American biscuits.
#4. British scones are made with sugar and dried fruit in the ingredients (although scone purists would argue against including fruit as it breaks tradition)
#5. Biscuits originate from the American South whereas scones originate from Scotland, gaining popularity in England during the 18th and 19th century.
The only thing I disagree with here is that scones are always 'sweet'. You can make cheese scones which are delicious.Easy peasy recipe, try it:
saturdaykitchenrecipes.com/mary-berry-recipes/mary-berry-scones-collection/