History /
Poland: Her heroes and her traitors [221]
Now Kuklinski
YES!!! Jon, I am so glad there are such intelligent guys in PF (to counterbalance certain morons)! :):):):)
(whose name has cropped up here a few times in the past week)
Exactly, it gave food to my thought about Polish heroic traitors or trecherous heroes.
Ryszard Jerzy Kukliński (June 13, 1930 - February 11, 2004) was a Polish colonel, Cold War spy and communist whistleblower. He passed top secret Warsaw Pact documents to the CIA between 1971 and 1981. The former United States National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzeziński has described him as "the first Polish officer in NATO."en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski
After the war, Kukliński began a successful career in the Polish People's Army. In 1968, he took part in the preparations for the Warsaw Pact's invasion of Czechoslovakia. Disturbed by the invasion, and by the brutal crushing of the parallel Polish 1970 protests - in 1972, Kukliński sent a letter to the US embassy in Bonn describing himself as a foreign "MAF" from a Communist country, and requested a secret meeting.[1]
In 1994, Kukliński said that his awareness of the "unambiguously offensive" nature of Soviet military plans was an important factor in his decision to communicate the details of those plans to the United States, adding that "Our front could only be a sacrifice of Polish blood at the altar of the Red Empire".[2] Kukliński was also concerned that his homeland would be turned into a nuclear wasteland as the Warsaw Pact's superiority in conventional forces would mean NATO would respond to a military action with tactical nuclear weapons.Plans of Polish People`s army`s attack on Western Europe which was supposed to clear the path for Soviet troops:
Polish map--
Neutral plan of 3rd World War - Polish cities would be destroyed by NATO retaliation after German cities were anihilated by Warsaw Pact nuclear strikes.
My personal choice of photos below suggests that I consider him a hero:
Ryszard Jerzy Kukliński
Unfortunately, many Poles consider him a traitor
Kościuszko is a controvercial figure to me. He fought for Poland hard but after defeat and last partition, he emigrated and didn`t return to Poland when part of it became liberated by Napoleon in early 19 century.
Both hero and traitor?
Kościuszko emigrated to the United States, but the following year returned to Europe and in 1798 settled in Breville, near Paris. Still devoted to the Polish cause, he took part in creating the Polish Legions. Also, on October 17 and November 6, 1799, he met with Napoleon Bonaparte. However, he failed to reach any agreement with the French leader, who regarded Kościuszko as a "fool" who "overestimated his influence" in Poland (letter from Napoleon to Fouché, 1807).
Kościuszko's heart, Royal Castle, Warsaw
Kościuszko remained politically active in Polish émigré circles in France and in 1799 was a founding member of the Society of Polish Republicans. However, he did not return to the Duchy of Warsaw and did not join the reborn Polish Army allied with Napoleon. Instead, after the fall of Napoleon's empire in 1815 he met with Russia's Tsar Alexander I in Braunau. In return for his prospective services, Kościuszko demanded social reforms and territorial gains for Poland, which he wished to reach as far as the Dvina and Dnieper Rivers in the east.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko