Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]

Aurzadniczek:

Standard Polish language is not known by diphthongs, such as AU- at the beginning of your former last name. However, such diphthongs appear in Czech language. During Partitions of Poland, large part of southern Poland was taken by Austria. Consequently, there was a significant influx of Austrian administration and military into former Poland's lands. Many Austrian bureaucrats sand soldiers were of Czech extraction, some of them Germanized.

The surname Aurzadniczek seems to be a polonized version of Czech surname Auředníèek - with diacritic ř replaced by digraph rz, and diacritic è by digraph cz. Somehow, sometime the prefix Aurze- was later transformed into Aurza- . There are many google references to the Czech surname Auředníèek.

Polish noun "urzędnik" (English: an official) translates to Czech as "úředník". Notice the accent over the first character - it signifies a so-called "long u". I believe that the words "úředník" and "auředník" (possibly an old form?) are closely related. The next step is to change Auředník into Auředníèek - a lesser official, or a son of an official.

There are about 30 people in Poland with surname Aurzadniczek, mostly in Rzeszów (13), Ustrzyki Dolne (11) and Kłodzko (6). There are also 20 surnames Urzędniczek in Poland. The latter could stem from further polonization of Aurzadniczek, or it could be formed independently from a Polish root "urzędnik".

Travel / Special stories / anecdotes about Gdansk [12]


The Beer Flowing Gdańsk: from Gdańsk piwem płynący.

Beer indirectly contributed to the development of science in Gdańsk - if not for the income derived from its brewing, Johannes Hevelius could never afford his astronomical research.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Hevelius

At the turn of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries large European cities have been receiving special royal privileges, allowing brewing. Brewers, fearing unfair competition, quickly joined in guilds to keep an eye on product quality and protect the market against bunglers. Already in 1378 Gdańsk and Mazovian manufacturers of beer came to sharp conflict.

Beer produced in Gdańsk belonged to one of the four kinds.

Jopen beer, Jopenbier, Piwo Jopejskie
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwo_jopejskie
the noblest of all, was produced from 1449. Its name came from the wooden bucket, so called "jopa" (German Schöpfkelle), used in the process of brewing, to pour hot water to malt. It was "dubeltowe" (of double strength), which means that twice as much of malt and four times of hops was used than in other beers. It had about 14 percent of alcohol, dark colour, tarry texture, resembling a thick syrup. Some drinkers used to dilute it by mixing it with poorer quality beers. It was also used as a medicine causing sweating.

The secret of Jopen Beer was in its brewing process. First of all it was made with the best quality ingredients. Brewing lasted ten hours, not three, as with other beers. Then the brew had to be cooled rapidly, which meant that the peak production fell in the winter months. The biggest secret was its specific fermentation process. Someone had the idea that mold could be used instead of yeast - with this difference that it was not added directly to the brew - the beer aged in clean tubs, and mold made its work from the walls of the room. Jopen beer fermented up to nine weeks in sheds or cellars overgrown with mold. Then it matured in barrels for one year.

Jopen Beer was exported to many countries in Europe, mainly to England. To facilitate loading of beer kegs into ships' cargo holds the famous Żuraw (German Krantor), Gdańsk Port Crane was built.

pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brama_%C5%BBuraw_w_Gda%C5%84sku

Gdańsk Beer, Danzigerbier, was the second in terms of refinement. It was very popular because of the abundant froth and light bitter taste. It was also much weaker than Jopen Beer, because it contained only about 6 percent of alcohol.

Table Beer, Tafelbier was a common daily drink.

Krolling was the worst kind of Gdańsk's beers. It was made from beer keg washings. It was cheap, with low alcoholic content and was drunk by the poor.

In the year 1416 the most, as many as seventy-three brewers, lived at Hundegasse, Ogarna street today. Around the year 1620 when the seat of the brewers guild was located at Hundegasse 11.

Since the beginning of the sixteenth century beer production started moving out of Gdańsk center to the suburbs - Biskupia Górka (Bishops Hill), Chełm, and Stare Szkoty (Old Scots). During this period, much of the brewing industry was run by Dutch Mennonites. In the sixteenth century one of the largest brewers in Gdańsk and Pomerania belonged Schröders family: Hans, Joachim and Georg.

In the sixteenth century the brewers guild had 150 members, but barely 54 brewers in the middle of the seventeenth century. The brewing industry crisis brought the annual production from 150 thousand barrels down to a mere 50 000 (standard barrel held 126 liters).

In 1621 alone 34 breweries bankrupted.

One of the exceptions in these critical times was Johannes Hevelius brewery. The astronomer was a brewer by family tradition. His ancestors came from Ottendorf in 1434 and settled in Steblewo, then moved to Gdansk in 1526. They were initially engaged in commerce. Later, Hevelius grandfather, Nicholas, and his brother, founded their first brewery. Already in the mid-sixteenth century Hevelius family owned 12 breweries, including the largest one in the city.

When Johannes Hevelius married in 1635 Catherine Rebeschke, a daughter of another brewer, she has brought him a dowry of two houses adjacent to the Hevelius house at Korzenna Street (Spice Street). In one of them was a brewery, which Johannes began to manage. He was soon admitted to the Gdansk brewers guild, and thus earned the right to brewing and selling beer. He was quickly promoted to Senior of the guild, and in 1648, after the death of his father, he inherited the family house and was finally able to combine his father's and his wife's business into one large brewing company. The three adjacent houses, with the brewery, were the apple of the eye and the financial basis of the astronomer.

Where was beer drunk in the seventeenth century? Most pubs and taverns were located along the Motława river. These premises were popular with the common people and artisans, but were avoided by the patricians and nobles. The most elegant restaurants were in the suburbs. The inns lured travelers with recognizable symbols: of panicles made of spruce or fir branches. A panicle meant one thing: you can eat here, and - above all - drink something good.

Apparently, the best beer was administered in Gęsia Karczma (Goose Inn), Trzy Świńskie £by (Three Pig Heads) and Jerusalem.

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]


I looked at his presentation for For European Parliament March 28, 2012
smolenskcrash.eu/uploaded/EU%20march%2028%202012%20-%20EnglishBinienda.pdf

This is just visualization of his simulation with conclusions, but not the calculations - as you suggest. I hope this was just a slip of your tongue and you are not trying to mislead us. :-) But don't let those few pages with basic parameters fool you: good to see them but they alone are not enough to recreate his calculations on LS-DYNA simulation software package.

To do so the full input data would be needed. One of them is the internal structure of the wing Tu-154M. The image presented in the report comes from the operation manual of the airplane's manufacturer, and it lacks basic dimensions. Binienda somehow approximated these, and - rightly or wrongly - anyone could do it too; probably coming with different results. But that's not a point: in order to recreate Binienda's simulation the exact same data is needed.

For the same reason Binienda has been asked for several months now, by Artymowicz and others, to provide every single data and parameter setup in the input to his LS-DYNA program. And that includes all details of the mesh - every single node location, boundary conditions and initial conditions. For whatever reason, dr. Binienda pretends not to hear such calls. Nobody is going to steal his proprietary technology, for heaven sake. He should come clean here, otherwise his motivations and markmanship will be forever questioned. Giving away input data would not cause him any trouble since such input data file must exist, as this is a standard methodology in any FEM programs. This is needed in order to be able to recreate an original simulation or to use it as a basis for small modifications to be saved as improved version of the input.

There are many people in Poland and abroad, who are capable to simulate at least the first phase of the crash: some on their Linux boxes using free FEM packages, some using commercial ANSYS or LS-DYNA packages. But this not a point, because any such simulation would be questioned over and over again:

- Yes, but your software is not professional
- Yes, but you used ANSYS, which is not as good as LS-DYNA (a hypothetical ridiculous comparison, but nothing seems banned in this game)
- Yes, but you are not as experienced as prof. Binienda, so you must have made some mistakes
- Yes, but you are politically motivated, so you bent the principles of science

So the only right way is this:
- Get the prof. Binienda simulation input data and raw output data (used by visualization package)
- Lease LS-DYNA package (Educational or 30-Day-Demo). Make sure that the version is exactly the same as the one used by prof. Binienda
- Run the simulation. Compare results. If they are exactly the same as Binienda's - you are fine. Otherwise check for bugs of some sort.

- Introduce your corrections to Binienda's input data. For example dr. Artymowicz charges that dr. Binienda used wrong grid size at the vicinity of the impact.

- Make your results public for others to compare


I have never said that dr. Binienda is not qualified for the job, specifically simulating the first phase of the crash. But he is just a human being, prone to mistake making. Judging by his blog entries, dr. Artymowicz is better qualified for the second part of the simulation: aerodynamic of the broken wing tip and the plane itself. As I already said it few times before - both are experts in their disciplines and any of the two could run the simulation. But dr. Artymowicz has additional practical advantage of having experienced himself lift, drag, rolls, half-rolls and other such manoeuvres; thus being able to soundly judge some realistic or unrealistic hypotheses.


Funny how it is OK to go on TV and babble away in company of Macierewicz, who is obviously politically motivated and an author of ridiculous theories of helium over Smolensk, vacuum bomb, and explosions in the plane. I would like to believe that prof. Binienda's motivation are clean. However, I am questioning his sound judgement in joining doctors Szuladzinski and Nowaczyk in their bing-bang theory.

I am not an aficionado of dr. Artymowicz, but some of his charges make sense. I outlined them them already in several posts before.

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]


If I understand you correctly, you ask whether there are some governing equations that simultaneously deal with with dynamics of solids or fluids and temperature. I start with elasticity theory: its natural generalization is called thermo-elasticity, which describes two-way interaction: stress produces heat, heat produces stress and stress induces strain, and from there a displacement.The next generalization involves magnetic effects and the theory is called magneto-thermo-elasticity.

Similarly, there is a theory called thermo-hydrodynamics, and this sort of stuff could be applied to astrophysics, after some modifications.

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]

Myth #1: Aviation expertise
Again you do not understand a lot of things here and then try blaming me for oversimplifications. So let me put it loud and clear for you: doctor Binienda is not the right doctor - to use your own irony. He is not an expert in aviation in any way. He is an expert in solid mechanics: elasticity theory, strength of materials, composites. The list of courses he teaches or have taught at Akron, Drexel or Temple University does not contain anything related to "aviation", "flying", "fluid mechanics", "flows", "aerodynamics", "hydrodynamics". Nada, nil. Here is the full list of his courses:

The University of Akron:
Plates and Shells, Advanced Composite Mechanics, Introduction to Composite Mechanics, Elasticity, Damage Mechanics in Composites, Design with Advanced Composite Materials, Polymer Composites for Civil and Structural Engineering. Tools for Engineering Lab Statics

Internet Lecture, available at
ecgf.uakron.edu/~civil/statics
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids, Engineering Materials Lab

Drexel University:
Solid Mechanics II, Statics, Dynamics

Temple University:
Introduction to Fortran 77

Composites aside, the rest of the courses are a standard offer in Polish Universities of Technologies. And I suppose. some Universities specialize in composite materials too.

His list of publications has also zero references to those keywords. However his CV contains plenty of references to "aerospace": he was a guest editor, member editor, associate editor and editor-in-chief of "Journal of Aerospace Engineering" (JAE) in various years, he has kept few managerial positions in Aerospace division of ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineering) and he published substantially in JAE. Not about flying of course, but about composite materials used or to be used in aerospace industry.

Yet somehow he has been promoted by Macierewicz to become such an expert in aerodynamics. Myth #1: poof!

Myth #2: NASA aviation expert
His CV produces a list of 20 internal NASA publications - they are again about composites, plates, fractures in solids. He managed to get some NASA founded research projects (NASA Lewis Research Center). Most of the projects are/were related to his main research field: composites, plates, fractures as well as about jet engine impact penetration and containment in airplanes. He collected a very impressive number of grants - some as high as $800, 000.

He was awarded several times by NASA:
+ NASA for "Turning Goals Into Reality Award" for valuable contribution to Jet Engine Containment Concepts and Blade-Out Simulation Team and Exceptional Progress Toward Aviation Safety (September 2, 2004).

+ NASA Glenn Patent Award for "Strain Rate Dependent Analysis of Polymer Matrix Composites STRANAL-PMS Version 2" - LEW-17910-1, June 3, 2009.
+ NASA Glenn Technical Brief Award for "A Modeling Technique and Representation of Failure in the Analysis of Triaxial Braided Carbon Fiber Composites" - LEW-18435-1 June 10, 2009.

But his CV does not mention anything about him being an NASA adviser during investigation of "Shuttle Columbia disaster". Actually, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board

caib.nasa.gov/board_members/default.html
lists 12 board members plus the chair, two standing support board members, and about 30 Independent Analysis and Support Team members, investigators and other support staff. None of them is named Binienda. But then, he might have been a subcontractor of some sort. After all I was also involved in few NASA projects, but they know nothing about me there.

In his Smoleńsk Report prof. Binienda mentions that for his analysis he used the same technology as employed by NASA to analyze the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

From this statement there was a very short step towards the following advertisement on polishnews.com by Polish American Congress, New Jersey Division, Polish Cultural Foundation in Clark, New Jersey, "Gazeta Polska" Club in New York

polishnews.com/index.php?view=details&id=641%3Asmolensk-catastrophe--current-status-of-investigation&option=com_eventlist
Prof. Wieslaw Binienda, Chairman of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Akron, Ohio, Expert NASA and Federal Aviation Administration in aviation disaster investigation, a member of the group examining the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Aerospace Engineering, ASCE.

And of course Macierewicz is full of this, all the time. In meantime, Myth #2: poof!

The right doctor in aerodynamics and aviation
Dr. Artymowicz has 25+ years of experience in numerical hydrodynamics (aerodynamics). He is also an FAA-certified pilot, with experience in the design, maintenance and operation of experimental aircraft. He flies his private RV6A the length and breath of American contingent. Notwithstanding that his is not a professional pilot, I would not hesitate for a second whom to consult in aviations matters: dr. Binienda or dr. Artymowicz.

Well, actually I would consult yet another doctor: Sebastian Kawa, Polish extreme glider
sebastiankawa.pl
doctor of medicine by profession, currently #2 on the IGC Ranking List
igcrankings.fai.org/index.php
But I would not consult him in medical matters. :-)

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]


Well, dr. Binienda is no expert in fluid dynamics (I checked his CV, only one publication related to flows), but yet a big part of his Smoleńsk report deals with description of the dynamics of the broken wing tip travelling through air. I presume dr. Artymowicz has the same or greater experience in this particular field.

I you are open minded I am ready to explain the similarities between dynamics of tangible and intangible objects in lesser or greater detail. Otherwise it will be a waste of our time. All I can say now that at some abstraction level there is no difference between the two.

There is a discipline called "mechanics of continuous media", which actually means "mechanics of solid bodies, fluids and gases". With proper abstraction in place one can also add "mechanics of celestial bodies and celestial dust" to the above definition. Each medium is governed by specific set of static or dynamic equations.

Binienda specializes in static and dynamics of solid bodies (of complex structures, including composites) described by theory of elasticity and the strength of materials. Materials used here can be either isotropic or anisotropic, and can be characterized by various elastic properties and critical stresses.

People specializing in fluid dynamics use their specific bunch of equations, such as Navier-Stokes equation, modified for various definition of flows: viscous vs. inviscid, comprehensible vs. incomprehensible, laminar vs. turbulent, etc. In either case the problems can be either two- or three-dimensional.

Are there any similarities between these two groups? Of course they are. When the problems grow in complexity, like during a transition from a simple beam to a 12-story building, they can no longer be handled analytically by hand and the numerical methods must be used instead.

Finite Element Analysis is the most popular such method. Its steps are as follows:
1 - Replace the real stuff (solid body or fluid) by a mesh of 2D or 3D elements. Enter various mechanical properties of the medium.
2 - Apply external sources and torques to some nodes of the mesh
3 - Introduce boundary conditions: Substitute foundations, supports, etc. by reaction forces and torques, handle the flow around obstacles, etc.
4 - Introduce initial condition if the problem depends on time: set initial displacements and velocities in various nodes.
5 - Select appropriate set of discrete equations to be used during computation
6 - Start the number crunching, using the same set of equation in each node in turn. Stop if no numerical convergence is observed, re-model and start again.

7 - Present the data

Garbage in => Garbage out
If you screwup #1 you are toasted. Make sure that you use many small elements in critical areas of high stress concentration (case of solid bodies), such a collar around a chimney attached to a main structure. This is the most time consuming part, because it cannot be done in fully automatic mode. It may take few hours to enter such data.

If you screw up #3 or #4 you are also toasted. This is a very important part of your modelling process.

Astrophysical modelling

What does it have to do with Prof. Artymowicz? Here comes the fun part: a lot. For example in few of his team's works they simulate migration of Jupiter-sized planets embedded in a protoplanetary disc filled with particle dust. The equations akin to 2D fluid flow equations are used to simulate the particle dust. The motion of planets is handled by Runge-Kutta numerical integration method. It is a complex dynamic problem, so initial flow conditions must be properly handled. They use adaptive-mesh, parallelized simulation code capable of handling general compressible flow problems. The code is designed to allow users to configure initial and boundary conditions, change algorithms, and add new physics modules.

So, in other words, they had to go through the very similar set of seven steps, outlined above.

The hardware guy
During his stay in Stockholm he was engaged in design, implementation and administration of several computers, such as Antares - a parallel mini-supercomputer; 2002: 20 nodes, 2005: 38 nodes,

planets.utsc.utoronto.ca/~pawel/antares/index.htm

Fizyka Smoleńska
He runs his blog Smolensk Physics,
fizyka-smolenska.salon24.pl/posts
where he has criticized some of Prof. Binienda's findings (in 23 pieces). I read some of them, I like some, though I disliked certain attitudes.

News / The Political Circus of Poland [307]

News, May 26, 2012 - a gigantic disgrace of Poland in front of the football fans in the whole Europe and the world: in the sparing game against Slovakia, the National Disgrace Team - appointed by Franciszek Smuda, a coach without high school diploma, but with a German passport - got utterly ridiculed (as predicted by our greatest patriots) in front of millions of TV viewers, by scoring a goal executed by "a French waste, who collaborated with the French football", Damien Perquis. What's even worse, that ball was passed to Perquis by "a convicted offender", £ukasz Piszczek.

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]

Ironside, you better start paying attention. Bending and twisting reality does not help.


To which I responded:


Mind you the word "airplanes" is in plural. And then I provided some examples, just to demonstrate the above.
And then there came a passionate response from :


Oh, thank you, thank you.


Never claimed to be. All I said "And trees of the 30-40cm diameter can easily shear off wings of airplanes"


True, but so what? I stated one possibility that the 30-40 "twig" can do damages.


And again: reading comprehension problem, mister. Are you lost in your own world?


Thank you, but you should have noticed that I used the exactly same source in #477, when describing crash of DC-3 in Okanagan. Irony lost...


That's the only statement of yours that makes sense. So you are not an expert on the subject, right? Neither did I claim to be.

So what was that tirade of yours about - other that going personal again? So yes, you will never learn how to be objective.


Now, what do you think Artymowicz uses at work as his main astrophysics modelling tool? Pen and paper perhaps? Yes, he does. Supercomputers? Of course, he does. Do you have any idea what is involved in modelling and simulation of superstars, etc.? Both he and Binienda face the same of modelling problems, and yes he is more than qualified to check what Binienda did. It does not matter what is his background, the issue is computing and modelling, which I described in some other message. If you do not understand it, than that's too bad...

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]

I do not believe I got sucked in such stupid game...


It supposed to be an irony, right? Then get this: you failed massively in this respect.

Prof. Paweł Artymowicz is a member of two departments of U of T:
+ Astronomy& Astrophysics department, located at Astronomy and Astrophysics Building (AB) on the St. George Campus (downtown).
astro.utoronto.ca/people/faculty,
where his research is described as "The birth and evolution of binary stars and planetary systems, dynamics of astrophysical disks, physics of circumstellar dust, with occasional diversions to binary blackholes and AGNs"

+ Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Scarborough Campus,
utsc.utoronto.ca/~physsci/faculty_staff.html
Research: Origin and evolution of planetary systems.


I see no sense in this statement of yours. Do not be so desperate to discredit the man. He is a faculty member in both departments, and as such he must do some teaching, in English of course.

utsc.utoronto.ca/~pawel
His own page - list some undergraduate and graduate courses of his. He also gives lectures as a visiting professor in other universities, and conferences.

Just in case you start hollering about proof of his papers, here they are:

Citations & papers by P. Artymowicz, statistics from ADS Harvard Database (current)

With all due respect, grow up and don't even start playing these stupid games here, named "whose credits are better". Both Binienda and Artymowicz deserve good credits for what they do in their respective professions.


That's your over-interpretation. I have read some of his responses to Binenda's simulation, on several blogs. I do not like some of his charges, as some are "below the belt". But he has made few good points and it would be nice to get those clarified.

1. Garbage in, garbage out.
I know it so well from my own experience. Anyone can made all sorts of errors - in methodology, or input data. Give us access to your input, so others can verify it. For example, every year hundreds of people invent hundreds of supposedly unbreakable cryptographic algorithms. Every inventor swears by them, and most of them fail after simple verification process. How is it possible to verify secret algorithms? For this reasons that the algorithms are no longer secret: the scientists realized long ago that the secrecy should be a sole function of a secret data, but the algorithms should be open, accessible for everyone. Every crank who wants to become famous crypto-analyst must accept this: if you want to keep your algorithm secret, no one will care for it at all, and you can take it to the grave for all we care.

2. Use "pen and paper" modelling before you embark on lengthy and costly simulations on supercomputers. Through simple modelling you should get a rough idea what to expect from the "big boy". This is what I have learned from my first boss here. When he asked me to perform some numerical calculations it was more of reassurance of his best guess; 30 years experience in that particular field gave him enough confidence to negotiate timing and pricing based solely on his "gut feeling". My reports were more like "a window dressing".

3. Correct simplifications, adaptable mesh.
I have some experience with Finite Element Analysis, but I am not an expert in this field. However I cooperated with people who knew FEA Ansys program in and out; with 20 or so years experience. We cooperated this way: I used to be their scout so to speak ("pen and paper" - in big simplification, since my "pens" were fast computers and my "papers" were sophisticated programs I wrote). So I understand how important it is to select correct set of simplifications of the model. It is impossible to have an exact model - too many parameters, too many unknowns. I also understand how important it is to select adaptable mesh: few big finite elements in no-critical region, many small elements in critical sections.


Yes, nice try. :-)

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]


Did I say that? Read my message #485. Don't twist what I said.

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]

Yes mister, Binienda was asked yesterday by Polish Prosecutors' Office to meet with them for technical presentation and discussion. So far, he declined. Antek Macierewicz played the delay game by setting the initial condition that the meeting could take place on grounds of American Embassy (or in Parliament?). Let us see, what happens next? Then they requested the official email from the prosecutors. The email was sent early in the morning today. No response from Antek.

Rats? The prosecutors wanted the technical documentation, which includes all the input data for the simulation Binienda did, long time ago. It was ignored or declined so far. I can present any visualization slides whatsoever, to prove that earth is flat. Any half-wit can do it. The proof is in the pudding.


Pawian, I do not want to go this route. I do not really know who he is and I have no time to do any detective work. I take it for granted that he is what he claims to be - as long as he sticks to his major field of expertise, which involves strength of materials, composites, and generally speaking "mechanics of continuous media" - and specifically elasticity theory, and rheology. I have no idea how good he is in Finite Element Analysis, but any modern graduate from technical universities, specializing in these areas, should know something about this kind of numerical computations. Something does not mean "an expert".

But I know who he is not by any stretch of imagination. He is definitely not an expert in "Solid State Physics". This field has very little to do with mechanical properties of solid bodies; it is mostly about quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and a bit about metallurgy. The direct applications are transistors, conductors, semiconductors, etc. So no, the direct quote from Polish wikipedia: "he specializes in computational methods of Solid State Physics" is a blatant lie. Unfortunately, when one finds one little lie, then he becomes immediately suspicious about other possible lies.

pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wies%C5%82aw_Binienda

And yes, he is not a physicist, as many PiS promoteurs try to make him be. But as I said, this is not that important at this stage.

Pawian, the author the article you quoted, tries very hard to discredit Binienda, but unfortunately he knows too little about engineering. For example the hardness data he quotes has no direct relationship with dynamical collisions, etc. He should have talked instead about elastic properties (not hardness), such as Young modulus. Here are few numbers for the latter:

Pine wood, oak wood, birch wood - along the grain => 9, 11, 11 GPa (that's Giga Pascals. 1 GPa = 144,710 psi)
Alluminum => 69 Gpa, about 6 times more than Young modulus for birch.

I really want to see dr. Binienda's input data. Then we can talk about various things. Otherwise it is all speculation.

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]


You will never learn, will you? And what do you know about science? So far, you are just a fuzz-ball. Poof!

News / Polish final report on Smoleńsk aircrash [859]


This has nothing to do with belief. Do not mix religion into this. Deal with facts.

2012-05-23
Dr. Wieslaw Binienda, an adviser to the parliamentary committee of Antoni Macierewicz, in TVP1 program: "Politics over coffee":
- My model shows that the tree will be cut through (by the wing of the Tu-154M) and the damaged aircraft will be able to continue flying.

But he qualifies that statement with:
- It is possible that they (the other experts) have made a mistake, it's possible that I have made a mistake:

Dr. Wieslaw Binienda , adviser to the parliamentary group Macierewicz , arms in the TVP1 "Politics over coffee " his thesis : " My model says that the tree will be cut ( by wing Tu- 154M ) , and a damaged aircraft will be able to continue to fly ." We reserve the right , however : " It is possible that they ( other experts ) made ​​a mistake , it's possible that I made ​​a mistake ."

Dr. Wieslaw Binienda from the American University of Akron, who prepared for the parliamentary expert team Macierewicz for . Study of the Smolensk disaster , occurred today in the TVP1 "Politics over coffee ." He is the author of the thesis that the tu- 154M could lose wings when hitting the birch in Smolensk. - It is possible that they [ other experts - editor. eds. ] made ​​a mistake , it's possible that I made ​​a mistake - he said.

Now I am beginning to like him. He is no longer presumptuous. He finally displays traits of a real resercher: SOME DOUBTS about his own work.

And trees of the 30-40cm diameter can easily shear off wings of airplanes.

There are several documents on youtube showing simulated crash of DC-7 (if I remember it correctly) against several obstacles: a bump on a runway, one shallow and one steep hill and two telephone poles. With a bunch of dummies inside, red-coloured water simulating aviation fuel, many accelerometers in fuselage and in wings (monitoring both horizontal and vertical vibrations) and a bunch of high speed cameras inside and out they ran the plane against those obstacles. One telephone pole was broken, the other one went through the wing like a knife through butter.

But there are plenty of examples of real life plane crashes, where one or both wings were sheared off by trees. Here are few, randomly chosen.

There was a case, very similar to the one I described in the message #465. The difference was in tree sizes: in Russian case there was just a bush (oversized Christmas trees), in the following case the trees were mature.

date: 1943-01-29, plane: B-23 Dragon Bomber, operator: USAF, location: Loon Lake, Idaho, USA
Emergency landing on frozen lake. Sliding across the ice and through the trees. With both wings sheared off, the plane came to rest 150 feet from the shore of Loon Lake in the timber. All eight men survived and rescued 21 days later.


To be fair, 20-inch trees, sound thicker than the Smoleńsk's birch, so this is not the strongest proof here. But look at the pictures of the wreck - still there!

date: 1950-12-22, plane: Douglas C-47A-20-DK, operator: Canadian Pacific Air Lines, location: Penticton Airport, BC, Canada
Approching Okanagan Mountain, the DC-3 hit the trees. The port tail of the plane and elevator were almost immediately sheared off by the trees while the port wing struck a large tree shearing the wing off. The wreckage rotated to the left and slid until coming to rest approximately 400 feet from the first contact with the trees. Both the co-pilot and pilot-in-command sustained fatal injuries.

aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19501222-0[/url]

date: 1978, plane: DC-8, location: Portland, Oregon, USA
Pilot, uncertain whether or not the landing gear was down and locked, decided to circle around to burn off fuel. It was against an advise of several crew members, and specifically a visiting captain, who said: "I know these DC-8s and one thing I know for sure - they don't fly well without fuel". Upon final approach, the plane ran out of fuel, crashed into two large (empty) homes, skidded across a busy street, had its wings sheared off by trees, and broke in half.

aaahq.org/pubs/AESv16/chapter6.pdf

Somebody asked the Smoleńsk question (birch vs. wing) on AllExperts forum. The answer came from Kevin Parker, who has the following credentials:


He says:


en.allexperts.com/q/Aviation-Flying-1651/2012/4/air-crashes-impact-trees.htm

Love / What strange/unnerving/funny things do your Polish wives do? [153]

B-A-B-Y = bee-ay-bee-why
This is actually an ancient "blonde joke" based on spelling a wrong word in a sentence.

This is what a real, overly protective, mum would say: - Don't say F-U-C-K in front of the baby!
And this is what a "blonde" said: - Don't say "fvck" in front of the B-A-B-Y!

Love / What strange/unnerving/funny things do your Polish wives do? [153]

Wife:
- Don't say "fvck" in front of the B-A-B-Y!

Genealogy / Family members immigrating from Bereska [26]

Please, be exact when referring to geographical names.
Bereska or Berezka - not Breseka
English Galicia; German Galizien; Polish Galicja - not Galacia
See also this message #16 in another thread, where three villages of the same name Berezka/Bereska, in the same province, are clearly identified. You have to be very specific which Berezka you have in mind.

Genealogy / Anyone from Berezka / Brzuska near the Ukrainian border ? [53]

Berezka: Some posters here discovered long ago that there are two different villages of this name. In fact there are at least three. Let's clarify it - differentiating them by counties where they are currently assigned to, that is by the largest towns nearby: Przemyśl, Sanok and Lesko.

1. Brzuska (Berezka, Bereska, ukr. Березка) - gmina (municipality) Bircza, Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodship. 38 km west of Przemyśl by road, about 30 km west as crow flies.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brzuska
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brzuska
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbrodnia_w_Brzusce
It looks like the Polish spelling was alwaysBrzuska, although modern correct spelling - if it is to be corresponding to Ukrainian Berezka - should be Brzózka. This is the village referred to by posters "Whymickey" and "pdorotiak".

2. Berezka (Bereska) - a deserted village, gmina Tyrawa Wołoska, Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodship. An 1898 old topographic map locates Bereska about 2 km NE of Tyrawa Wołoska, on the road from Tyrawa Wołoska to Kuźmina, West of Rozpucie village. It looks like it was a very small village.Tyrawa Wołoska is located about 21 km East of Sanok by road, or about 15 km East as crow flies. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrawa_Wo%C5%82oska

pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrawa_Wo%C5%82oska

3.Berezka (formerly Bereska, Ukrainian: Березка, Berezka) - gmina Solina, Lesko County, Podkarpackie Voivodship - a tourist farm village on Bereźnica stream, at the road Hoczwia-Polańczyk, 15 km South of Lesko.

pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezka_(powiat_leski)

Historical toponyms: Brziska 1447, Brzysczka 1448, Brzoska Wola 1463, Brzoska 1467, Brzeska 1475, Broska 1480, Brzoska 1515, Bereska 1578, Brzeska 1662, Beresko 1742, Bereska 1851. The contemporary name derives from Ukrainian berezka/березка, Polish brzózka. In XV century a variant form Brziska was used under Ukrainian influence. Another variant form Brzóska Wola was also used. In 1977 the name of this village was officially polonized as Brzózka, but the old name was restored in 1981.

Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]


If you are referring to this family tree:
gedbas.genealogy.net/person/show/1084819975
then the answer is obvious because: his father was a Doctor of Theology in Greifswald, and he was a Provost to the town of Demmin - both Mecklenburg, Western Pomerania, Germany.

Knowing that: why do you ask such questions on Polish forum? Why didn't you ask it on some German forum instead? Mecklemburg was never part of Poland.

Travel / Special stories / anecdotes about Gdansk [12]


Well, the legend of secret love between Anne Schilling and Nicolas Copernicus could possibly do the job. There is one in English

gotykhouse.eu/en/legend

[Polish narration, but you can disable it in right upper corner of the page.]

Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]

KLESIEWICZ
Possible derivations:
1. From given name Klemens - source: Stankiewicze.com . I am not that fond of this explanation.
2. From Kleszewo, a village 5km north of Pułtusk, Mazovian Voivodship
3. From Kłecko, a town in Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
4. From Kłaj, a village and gmina, Wieliczka County, Małopolskie Voivodship.
Kłaj lies 18 km east of Wieliczka and 13 km west of Bochnia. Wieliczka and Bochnia are noted for their historical salt mines. Just north of Kłaj there is Niepołomice Primeval Forest. According to one source from 1242, the original name of the forest was "forest Kłaj", brzoza.wzks.uj.edu.pl:8080/~lea29/ck/nazwa.html

Possible derivation: Kłaj => Kłajski (adjective: someone from Kłaj) => Kłajskiewicz, Kłajsiewicz (a son Kłajski) => Klesiewicz (simplification of pronunciation)

Supportive evidence for option #4: There are 44 people with surname Klesiewicz living in Poland, 32 of them in Bochnia county alone, moikrewni.pl/mapa/kompletny/klesiewicz.html

Etymology of Kłaj: Prof. Jan Miodek - when explaining etymology of "klwatka" - stressed the root KL- and KLW-, meaning K£UĆ, to prick, to prickle, to jab, to spear. From this verb the noun KIE£KI, sprouts could be derived. And from this root come the following place names: Kłecko, Kielce, Kielcza, K£AJ, Klwów and Klwatka.

raciborz.com.pl/art18515.html

News / Achievements of the Tusk's Polish government [538]


If you refer to my post, #274, I stand by my numbers (more or less, barring some mistakes). But that post was not about what's good and what's bad for the people, but about data manipulating by some members here. I never said anywhere that I was supporting the new pension reform in Poland.


That's definitely right. I'd love to be a retiree in France. :-)

However....


On October 27, 2010, France's parliament granted final approval to a bill increasing the minimum retirement age progressively from 60 to 62 until 2018, and the age for full benefits from 65 to 67. Sarkozy signed it in November 2010. That's your current law.

[Hollande was just elected on a promise of lowering the retirement age from 62 down to 60 years old. We will see when and how he does it.]

And could you explain this little full benefits clause? What I understand is this: you can retire, if you wish at the age of 62 (60), but you will not get full benefits until you are 67(65) years old. Is that right?

So should not we rather talk about early retirement age - 62 and normal retirement age - 67 instead? Those are the terms used in various publications, such as this: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement . So why to hide the truth?

So what's the difference between this and new Polish retirement age law? According to this, Poles can elect early retirement too: women at 62 with 35 years seniority, men at 65 and 40 years seniority. With half the full pension, which is crazy of course, but they can do that. :-(

But:

In France, in the private sector (as opposed to special retirement plan for government-owned corporations), aside from minimum age of 67(65), you also need the minimum number of years of contribution to the retirement fund in order to receive full pension, which is what - 40 years?

In Poland (ignoring certain privileged professions here - police, mining, etc.) one would be entitled to a minimum pension, only if he/she demonstrates 25 years of insurance seniority, which is a sum of work seniority and periods of sick pays.

Currently the minimum pension is set at very low level of 800 zł; 1500 zł would be more adequate, as most polled Poles think. But that's another story...

And one more thing:


This argument is moot, because it all depends on professions. For example, in prosperous Canada, where I live, the chance to be hired by a private company as an average programmer at the age of 35, is close to nil - unless one is a top consultant in some specialized field. There is one reason only: young people are much cheaper, less self assured and less demanding.

Comparing France vs. Poland on this score:
Employment rate of 60-64 age group, 2010: France 18%, Poland 20%, EU average %30, Germany 40%, Sweden 60%

Yes, there are many good incentives and many countries, including France and Poland, implement them for better and for worse. I think this is the main issue regarding the retirement reform, not the retirement age. This is where the main efforts should be directed. But that's the different story...

News / Achievements of the Tusk's Polish government [538]

Ironside: I did not care for this topic, but I really do not like your stupid personal attacks, like this:


or to quote you from another thread:


Now, here is a little payback - you are a little illiterate liar and manipulator from some old School of Abuse. You even do not know how to read your own data, which you posted in link to your message #271. Incidently, this is almost two years old data, published on 2010-06-24.

Below are some excerpts from your link, which show that one country in Europe is already at (67, 67) level (Norway), one is there for the private sector (Iceland) and three (Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands) are going the same route as Poland. Plus Australia, and USA in OECD. But your data is old and inaccurate. Both Denmark and Germany have already such laws, enacted correspondingly in 2006 and in January 2012. Adding Sweden, where retirement age of 67 has become a societal norm, Poland is actually the sixth country that passed the law of the (67, 67) retirement statutory level.

Excerpts from 2010 data, posted by Ironside: Retirement ages: OECD Countries, format: (men's retirement age, women's retirement age):
Australia: now (65,63) => (65, 65) in 2014 => (67, 67) from 2017-2023 in stages
Denmark: now (65,65) => (67,67) staring with 2017. Inaccurate, see below
Germany: now (65, 65) => (67, 67) in stages 2012-2029
Iceland: now (65,65) for public sector, BUT (67, 67) for private sector
The Netherlands: now (65, 65) => planned to go to (67, 67)
Norway: now (67, 67)
USA: now (66, 66) => (67, 67) in stages from 2013


No Mister Pinokio. You are not only a liar, but you are also doubly illiterate. Your data was two years old, but there is new data available, which you either ignored or you could not comprehend it. All countries in European Union and elsewhere go through the process of rising the retirement age. Most countries aim to raise the pension age gradually, either in a medium or long-term horizon. Depending on their current status, their government staying power, and other social factors the final target ranges between 62 and 69. The (67, 67) retirement seems to be a typical target for at least 12 countries besides Poland.

Now, let me update the above list by some 2012 data.
Slovakia: now (62,60) => (62, 62) by 2024
Romania: now (63,58) => (63, 63) by 2030
Lithuania: now (62.5, 60) => (65, 65) by 2026
Estonia: now (63, 61.5) => (65, 65) by 2026
Latvia: now (62, 62) => (65, 65) by 2021
Hungary: now (62, 62) => (65, 65) by 2024
Italy: now (57, 57) => (66, 66) by 2018
Proposal (not finalized) to extend retirement age by one month every four months until targets for men and women are reached at some time in the future:

+ Bulgaria: now (63, 60) => (65, 63) for majority but (67,67) for those without minimum work years by (2020, 2040)
+ Czech Republic: (62, 56-60) => (67, 67) by (2020, 2040)
+ Spain: now (65, 65) => (67, 67) by 2020
+ France: now (62, 62) => (67, 67) by 2022
UK: now (65, 60) => (68, 68) by 2044-2046
Ireland: now (65, 65) => (68, 68) by 2028
Germany: now (65, 65) => (67,67) by 2029. Law as January 2012. There are dscussion to extend it even to (69, 69)
Denmark: now (65, 65) => (67, 67) between 2024-2027 (According to 2006 law)
Iceland: now (65,65) for public sector, BUT (67, 67) for private sector
Turkey: now (43, 38) => (65, 65) by 2048
Croatia: now (65, 60) => (65, 65) by 2030
The Netherlands: now (65, 65) => (66, 66) by 2020 => (67, 67) by 2025
Norway: now (67, 67)
Sweden: now no fixed retirement age. But the age of 67 has become a societal norm when retirement
should take place,
eu-employment-observatory.net/resources/reviews/EEOReview-ActiveAgeing-2012.pdf


So why did you open your filthy mouth, criticizing Pawian for inaccuracy, in the first place?
So you are really a waste of time.

===============
Some extra data follows.
Austria: now (65, 60) ==> (65, 65) by 2033
eu-employment-observatory.net/resources/reviews/Austria-EPPAA-Feb2012-final.pdf

UK: now (65, 60) => women RA will rise to 65 by 2018, both to (66,66) in 2020, reaching (67, 67) in 2026
thisismoney.co.uk/money/pensions/article-1679780/New-state-pension-age-retirement-dates-calculator.html

Italy: now (57, 57) => (62-63.5, 62-63.5) in 2012 => (66, 66) in 2018
iuslaboris.com/files/documents/Public%20Files/Newsflashes/2012_newsflashes/2012_01_news-flash-italian-labour-reform-what-will-the-new-year-bring.pdf

Canada: now (65,65) => planning (67, 67) starting in 2023, according to the newest budget
moneysense.ca/2012/03/29/budget-reveals-plan-to-raise-retirement-age-to-67

Travel / Special stories / anecdotes about Gdansk [12]


What a nice initiative. :-)
Here is one story:

Long ago the Gdańsk's "Jacek's Tower" wore a completely different name: "German: Kiek in die Koek", "Polish: Patrz do Kuchni", "English: Look in the Kitchen".

pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baszta_Jacek

It adheres to the walls of the Dominicans monastery, so that one could see from it into the convent's kitchen. The monks were famous for gingerbread making, which they sold in the convent's bakery. The gingerbread was shaped as little hearts, which had this advantage that the longer you kept them, the more delicious they were.

Brother Walenty had a special talent in the art of pastry making. With time, local confectioners began to envy his skills. The most jelous of them was a man named Ambroży, who was the owner of the worst bakery in Gdańsk. He decided to spy on Brother Walenty in order to find out what was the composition of his wonderful recipe.

The monk quickly realized the deception. He pretended adding ground chestnuts to the dough; which was scrupulously used by peeping Amboży in his baked goods. Unfortunately, his cakes were hard as stone and not fit to eat. Consequently, he was expelled from the guild for his shoddy work.

=====
Built in the late fourteenth century the soaring tower was named after St. Jacek Odrowąż, who, being the first Polish Dominican accepted an invitation of Świętopełk the Great in 1227 and - with a group of brothers - founded the monastery in Gdansk.

The 36m tall tower was the highest building of this type in Gdańsk and the best prepared for the defense. The battle porches, placed under the roof, perfectly facilitated effective bombardment of attacking enemy.

Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]


In the wake of messages of 2,829-2,832 of this thread, I submit here two alternative explanations of the origin of surname ROMUZGA:

1. Misspelled ROMUNGRO, ROMUNGRI, ROMUNGRA names
ROM-UNGRO => ROM-UZGA
ROMUNGRO comes from the combination of the words ROM (a Gypsy man) + UNGRO (Hungarian), meaning: a Hungarian Gypsy.


See also: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_of_Hungary

Romungro are also known as Carpathian Gypsies; Wyżynni Cyganie in Polish (Highland Gypsies), or Bergitka Gypsies. Of the four groups of Gypsies in Poland they are the only ones that settled down long ago and are partially assimilated. They are Roman Catholics. The other three groups of Roma in Poland, that used to travel until recent years, are:

- Polish Roma, Polish Lowland Gypsies, which migrated from Germany and Russia at the earliest time. The are Roman Catholics.
- Kelderash, Polish Kełderasze, Kałderasze, Romanian Kalderaša - Coppersmiths, Tinkers, came from Valachia and Moldova in 19th c. Orthodox Church.
- Lovari, Polish Lowarzy - Horse Handlers, came from Transylvania in 19th c. Orthodox Church.

The largest ROMUZGA name distribution in Poland is in Nowy Sącz County and Brzesko County - spilling into the surrounding counties: Nowy Targ, Zakopane, Tarnów and Bochnia. This roughly covers the Dunajec and Poprad river valleys, and this is where the Carpathian Gypsies originally settled down and are still present today. moikrewni.pl/mapa/kompletny/romuzga.html

Their largest concentration, numbering a few dozen families, are in Czarny Dunajec, Szaflary, Czarna Góra, Maszkowice, Szczawnica, Krośnica, £ososina Górna, Nowy Sącz. [Quite a few of Polish Roma were also resettled to Limanowa County, just NW of Nowy Sącz.]

However, it appears - by examination of some school records and other sources - that the ROMUZGA surnames are mostly concentrated in other villages and towns of this region: £ososina Dolna, Tropie, Brzesko and Nowy Sącz - so there is no direct connection between this surname and the biggest concentrations of Carpathian Gypsies in this area.

2. Alternative:This name could possibly come to Poland with Sephardic migrations from Spain via Thessaloniki, Belgrad (17th century), Budapest (17th-18th century) to Cracow (18th and later) or via Italy to Cracow (16th -18th century).

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sepharadic_Migrations.jpg
The ethnic origin of the people bearing this surname could be of Sephardic Jews or Gypsies.

This surname could be derived from the ancient Spanish verb REMUZGAR, not used in modern Spanish but appearing in old literature. It means:
+ rezongar => to grumble, growl, gripe
+ gruñir => to growl, grunt, snarl, oink
+ refunfuñar => to grumble, grouch
+ ejecutar de mala gana un mandado => to run an errand reluctantly

From this verb a male noun UN REMUZGO can be formed, according to standard Spanish grammar rules.
UN REMUZGO:
+ un rezongo => a grumbler, a reprimand
+ un refunfuño => a muble, a grumble
+ un gruño => a grunt. It is also a vulgar way of saying "Sweet fu.k all". (Gruño! - which also means "I grunt!" - is a favourite word of anglers when asked if they have caught anything!)

The first name REMUZGO is quite popular in Spain and in Americas. The surname REMUZGO is less popular: According to Spanish equivalent of database "Moi Krewni" (Mi parentela): In Spain there are 33 phone book entries with the surname Remuzgo and about 36 people with this name. It appears most often in these provinces: Sevilla (20) (in Andalucia), Cantabria (7), Madrid (6).

miparentela.com/mapas/detalles/remuzgo.html

But then most Spaniards use two last names, and what appears to most of us as a second given name, is in fact the first surname - inherited from father (The last one is taken from mother's side).

[There are also one or two ROMUZGA surnames in Spain, as well as in France, but they appear coming from the post WWII migration.]

I have no rational explanation for REM => ROM transformation of the part of the surname. But it would seem quite obvious for anyone with Gypsy roots to do so. In the ROMANI language, ROM is a masculine noun, meaning "man, husband", with the plural ROMÁ. ROMANI is the feminine adjective, while ROMANO is the masculine adjective.

It is worth adding that the same areas of Carpathian Foothills are connected with the strong settlements of Sephardic Jews: Nowy Sącz, Brzesko, Tarnów, etc.

Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]


Surname variants: Baras, Barasiewicz, Barasiński, Baraś, Barasz, Baraszkiewicz, Baraszko, Baraszyc.

From noun BARAŻ, phonetic variants: BARAZ, BARASZ, BARAŚ. Plural BARASZE.
1. BARAŚ (BARANEK): a diminutive form of "ram", Polish BARAN
2. BARASZE (plural): A Cerastes genus of small, venomous vipers. Common names: horned vipers, North African desert vipers, cerastes vipers.
Found in the deserts and semi-deserts of northern North Africa eastward through Arabia and Iran.

From: Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Polish Language Institute, Polish Language Dictionary -17th to middle 18th century,

sxvii.pl/index.php?strona=haslo&id_hasla=960&forma=BARA%C5%9A#960

In Poland there are 137 people of Barasiński surname.
Most of them are in:
Bełchatów (28)
City of £ódź (10)
Wieluń County (8)
City of Wrocław (7)
Lębork County (7)
Pabianice County (7)
£ask County (7)
Częstochowa County (6)
City of Piotrków Trybunalski (6)
Warszawa County (6)

Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]


Do not take me wrong: I am not criticizing you, and yes - I noticed the guard "possible" you used in your original post on the subject. :-) I think you have mixed -uzga with -ucha; those are two different beasts. I say it again: -UZGA does not look like a Polish pattern, because such words PRACTICALLY do not exist, -UCHA pattern definitely is Polish, because it is all around us in abundance.

I mentioned Jagodziński as a curiosity, since I applaud his hard good work, all for free. Yet he missed the -ajda suffix.

But I actually invite you to try the other link - it is not a scientific tool, but a very practical online tool for gamers. And it is very easy to use; you should have fun comparing things with wildcards like these:

%ucha ==> tons of words
%uzga ==> very few, all conjugated verbs (third personal singular), no nouns - as I previously mentioned
R%uzga ==> zero words, as might be expected.

Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]


Well, if it was one of these suffices: -ocha, -ucha (which you did not mention) or -och, -ocha, etc. I would agree with your explanation. But the suffix -UZGA just does not fit any word forming pattern in Polish language. This is a strange, foreign pattern.

I have a little risky theory about the origin of this surname, but before I am going to present it, here are the tools, so you can check it by yourself:

Grzegorz Jagodziński, in his "Gramatyka języka polskiego" (A grammar of the Polish language), [grzegorj.w.interia.pl/gram/] (English: [grzegorj.w.interia.pl/gram/en/gram00.html), writes about słowotwórstwo (word formation) here: [grzegorj.w.interia.pl/gram/i_slowotw01.html].

He presents an extensive list of suffixes (przyrostki) - ranging from -acja to -źń . Among them, there is -och and -ocha, but there is neither -ajda nor -uzga. However, knowing that -ajda actually exists in Polish, and considering that these two suffixes may belong to some dialectical forms, I double checked them via "Slownik Gier Słownych Scrabble i Literaki", [scrabble.krzyzowki.info/] .

The conclusion is that the -uzga words are these::
-uzga : only derivatives of the infinitives below, such as bl-uzga, obl-uzga
-uzgać : bluzgać, nabluzgać, obluzgać, zabluzgać, zbluzgać,
In other words, there is not a single noun in Polish language, which is formed with the -uzga suffix. The remaining words, are derivatives of the infinitives, all deriving from the verb "bluzgać". Which in turn derives from "bluzg" - but that's another story.

To be on the safe side, I checked the -zga pattern as well. There are only eight nouns obeying this pattern - too few to be accepted as a generic word forming pattern in Polish language:

-zga : bezmó-zga, drza-zga, mia-zga, mo-zga, niebezmó-zga, pier-zga (this is actually wrong case), pramia-zga, ró-zga (+ -zga derivatives of the infinitives below)
-zgać : bluzgać, bryzgać, dzierzgać, nabluzgać, obluzgać, obryzgać, pobryzgać, poślizgać, poumizgać, pozadzierzgać, przedzierzgać, prześlizgać, rozbryzgać, rozwierzgać, ślizgać, umizgać, wierzgać, wślizgać, wyślizgać, zabluzgać, zabryzgać, zadzierzgać, zbluzgać, zbryzgać,

My conclusion is: the surname ROMUZGA is not of Polish origin. So what kind of surname is it? See the next episode for the answer. :-)

Genealogy / THE MEANING AND RESEARCH OF MY POLISH LAST NAME, SURNAME? [4500]


And Mragowo, Elbląg, Braniewo, etc. But there are about 469 occurrences of RULKA in Poland, in a big Varmian-Masurian circle.


The RULKO name sounds Ukrainian, but this may mean nothing. There are certainly quite a lot of RULKO names in Ukraine. I do not know how to efficiently search their databases, so I do not know how many, exactly. But Rulko surnames are also found in Czech Republic.

I am going to risk the guess that RULKO derives from Sorbian given name Rulko, later adopted to German given names from Saxony (Upper Lusatia) and Branderburgia (Lower Lusatia). My evidence is a bit shaky, but here you go:


Another document calls him by first names Rulko, Bolko or Rudolf.

He is also called Rudolf/Rulko von Bieberstein, aka Rulik or Rulek in Czech.

The Bieberstein family had some connections with Silesia. For example, his son Johann(1290-1306) was a field commander for Henryk III Głogowczyk, a duke of Silesia, Głogów, Żagań and Greater Poland.

Other historical Rulko names from Saxony are: Rulko von Belgern (a town in Saxony), Amtsvoigt (Office voight), 1266-1316; Rulko von Bischofswerde (Polish: Rulko z Biskupicy). Deeds of Grüssau Abbey mention Rulko Curdebug (1317).


One theory on the origins of the family Gersdorf in Silesia, mentions three brothers Cristan, Rulko and Jencz (1301). Rulko owned Kemnitz in Saxony (from Sorbian "kamen", a stone, Kamjenica), and was later known as Rulko von Kemnitz. He is a founder of the elder line of Kemnitz. By the way, the name Kemnitz has evolved as follows: 1143: Kameniz, 1218: Camnizensis Conventus, 1254: Kemeniz, 1264: Kemniz, 1293: Kemnicz, 1308: Kempniz, 1378: Kemnicz, 1389: Kempnicz, 1492: Kembnicz, DDR times: Karl-Marx-Stadt, now: Chemnitz.

Another document mentions Kleinschweidnitz, South of Löbau (Upper Sorbian: Lubij), Saxony, Germany, in the traditional region of Upper Lusatia. It starts with: Katharina, the widow of Cristans I (1307) of Krekewicz, and their sons Johann, Rulko and Jencz ….

But - in regards to origin of the surname RULKO - all of the above is just pure speculation.. :-)

Genealogy / I am of Polish descent (i am something called kashoop). Kaszub, Kashubian? [19]

No, in the meantime Dave has opened yet another thread, where he declares that he is a descendant of "a kashoop" (phonetically) (Kashub, Kaszuba), that his ancestor changed the original name to Schawitch in order to sound more English (which is a joke, since the name actually sounds German), and that the original surname was long, had very few vowels and sounded like "jukavitch".

From which I concluded that the original could have been "Dziukiewicz", since this is a Pomeranian name, and one of its possible roots come from a Kashubian word. See message #7 over there.

Genealogy / I am of Polish descent (i am something called kashoop). Kaszub, Kashubian? [19]


Could be Dziukiewicz, but the only problem with it is that it has more vowels (exactly five) than surname Schawitsch (two only). One of those American prejudices. :-)

Surname Dziukiewicz fits the bill because, according to Stankiewicze.com, the name comes from
1. the dialect verb "dziugać się", to skate - especially on one skate,
2. the dialect verb "dziugnąć", Polish "uderzyć", to hit someone
3. from Kashubian verb "dżugnąć", to hit someone. Also - to toss off a glass of alcohol, drink to the bottom
4. from the verbs "dziubać, dzióbać" - to peck