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Poland's economics and education against the background of the world [27]
It can only do that by immigration - by contuinually importing people who will work for low wages
Yes, importing people who will WORK... not migrants who say 'I do no like job, I student - no job' or 'this is a full time job, can you stand for 8 hours and be here at 7 am? - no, no 6 hours is okay.. oh 7 am?! but bus come late, daughter needs food, no, no 7 am.'
And that's why Poland chose to import 2 mln ukranians instead of even a few thousands economic migrants that other countries wanted to get rid of because they weren't getting a benefit from them either...
R&D
Again, Poland's R&D increases proportionate to its economy, as with most democratic capitalist countries. Poland cannot afford to triple salaries for all teachers and build particle colliders or send research ships to map the Baltic sea floor, or go to the jungle and collect samples to turn into future medicines as it does not have the money to spend on that right now. When it does pursue such projects, generally in very limited amounts that type of academic research is done in conjunction with other universities, companies, governments even, - especially western ones. Even the best business school in Poland, SGH, does an English program with University of Quebec - not its own, as it does not yet have the money or necessity to develop such a program. Its no different with anthropology, medicine, IT, etc.
You must know this, with your business head on.
And like every business decision, whether it's to purchase/sell a plant, hire more staff, increase/decrease the marketing budget, etc R&D too is primarily a business decision in a capitalist society when made by corporations, not an altruistic one as with say research universities - especially in poorer capitalist societies such as Poland's. The only reason why Ford is investing tens of billions in R&D isn't because they care about the environment and want to reduce the planets' dependency on oil - no it's because it will bring them more money. They fell behind in the electric/hybrid car game and now must spend a bunch of money to develop new lines in order to recapture that market share. It's no different with R&D in Poland - if a company doesn't think they'll get return on a particular project they're not going to invest in it. Why do you think that pharma doesn't create 'cures' for diseases? It wouldn't pay nearly as much as treatments.
You forget one key thing - Poland has gone through everything from being one of the largest countries in Europe to being totally off the map, from very wealthy to very poor and everything in between. Poles got a taste of the open borders, the cutting red tape, globalization and all that jazz with PO. And guess what? They rejected it. While their economy was growing and all these reports saying that Poland is now doing so well, the average person didn't feel it. That is why they chose protectionism this time around.