I guess it all depends on which version of history you are taught.
These quotes are from 1920, from the Illustrated Sunday Herald.
"There is no need to exaggerate the part played in the creation of Bolshevism and in the actual bringing about of the Russian Revolution by these international and for the most part atheistical Jews...
"In the Soviet institutions the predominance of Jews is even more astonishing. And the prominent, if not indeed, the principal, part in the system of terrorism applied by the Extraordinary Commissions for Combating Counter-Revolution has been taken by Jews, and in some notable cases by Jewesses.
"The same evil prominence was obtained by Jews in the brief period of terror during which Bela Kun ruled in Hungary."
and you know who wrote those words? Winston Churchill.
During the times of peak immigration, the older census forms asked what nationality and what language was spoken at home. Two of my grandparents were listed as Russians and two great grandparents were listed as Germans because they came over during the partitions. Of the ones listed as from Russia, (ethnic Germans) one declared German to be the spoken language at home, and the other declared Polish on one census and German on another census. The ones that were listed as German, (Poles), declared themselves to be Polish speakers at home.
I think that gives a pretty good idea of ethnicity in most cases, even though Poland was not a country at the time. One of my ancestors evidently had an identity crisis! LOL
I think that as far as Polish immigration to the states went, that time period late 1800's and early 1900's were considered to be "bread" emmigration from the partitioned areas of Poland. People were poor and looking for opportunity.
Thanks for responding, everyone. Clearly the situation was more complex than I had imagined. I was assuming the reasons were economic, but clearly there might have been political reasons as well.
Cheechaw--my family didn't settle in New York. They settled in a town called Chicopee outside of Springfield, Massachusetts. There's a very large Polish community there, and I remember going to the Keilbasa festival as a young girl and paying a dollar to see the world's largest keilbasa. LOL. (Sadly, they've done away with that festival.)
Can anyone recommend a good book on Polish history? I picked up some ancient tome from my local library but it was pretty dull and unreadable. (And I have a high tolerance for dry material.)
Oh, one more thing-- I was just told that they came from the Tarnów area of Poland. If I'm correct, that particular area was under Autria-Hungarian rule at the time?
If anyone has any interesting cultural/historical facts about that area, I'd love to hear them.
Can anyone recommend a good book on Polish history? I picked up some ancient tome from my local library but it was pretty dull and unreadable.
I haven't read any Norman Davies's books but I think it is the best thing you can go for for learning about Polish history - God's playground is the most thorough thind I presume
But they did get to engage in the traditional Polish pogroms instead and I'm sure you for one would happily give up CDs and mp3s in order to take part in regular pogroms.
I traditionally carry out a pogrom every few weeks but recently I've been neglecting this tradition due to headache, no doubt brought upon the world by those evil Jews.
Oh sure Harry...Can I pogrom you online, a 'virtual pogrom'?..Just call me 'Einzatzgruppen Joe' or 'Joe Cheka'...In fact, I just burnt down a synagogue in Philadelphia today!...Tomorrow I am going to terrorize a Haddasah.
Well, on my travels through US I met a lot of people.
Isn't that the truth! Coming from an american...or mexican maybe, cause I sure eat a lot of Enchiladas. If my dad drank a lot it was because he was polish, if he had a bad drunk it was the Native american and if he got into a fight with my uncle over Cowboys vs Redskins well then, he was american. Sometimes it is an almost '' as needed '' basis. :)
The Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905-1907) was a major part of the Russian Revolution of 1905 in Russian-partitioned Poland (see Congress Poland and Privislinsky Krai). One of the major events of that period was the insurrection in £ódź in June 1905. Throughout that period, many smaller manifestations, demonstrations and armed struggles between the peasants and workers on one side, and the government on the other, would take place. The demands of the demonstrators would include both the improvement of the workers living conditions, and political freedoms, particularly related to increased autonomy for Poland.
Everyone here seems so knowledgable! I too have ancestors who left Austria-Poland in 1905 and 1906. I know nothing about their lives before that. I know they were Roman Catholic, may have married shortly before leaving Austria-Poland but travelled separately in the two consecutive years. They settled in Yonkers, New York and the husband worked at a huge carpet factory there. They went by the last names Bernard and sometimes Bernat. Based on that information...is there any way I could track their city of origin in Austria-Poland? Thanks for any help that anyone can offer!! (ps: sadly, I don't speak Polish)
Around the turn of the last century, Poland was STILL not independent! The Austro-Hungarian stranglehold would continue for years to come, its cultural influence indeed long after 1918:-) The great concert pianist Paderewski was elected Premier of Poland round about 1910 (??) and was considered a much-needed patriot for the nationalist cause.
Sadly, Poland was surrounded by all sides, the Austrians and Germans to the West, the Russians to the East. Geopolitically, Poland remained under the Russian yoke until roughly 1989!!
Ooops, I got the date(s) wrong for Paderewski's period in office. It was 1919, (following Poland's independence) NOT 1910!
cmira2323 You might want to start with the records at Ellis Island. That was the main port of entry into the USA at that time. My grandparents also came from the Austrian side of the Polish partition, we were able to find them in the Ellis Island records. They listed them as from Austria but that they were Polish. The other info that we were able to access was the ship they traveled on, their port of departure and the town they formally lived in. You should really try and find a copy of their info on the ship manifest. Good Luck
Poland belonged technically to the Austro-Hungarian hegemony. My grandfather for instance was born in Przemyśl, Austria round about 1893, whereas now, the same city is in Poland:-)
Right, sofijufka. Prussia was at the time, just prior to the turn of the last century, still the largest German "territory", not to mention to most powerful and influential. Russian, i.e. Czarist, dominance did indeed extend across much of the present-day
Was there a movie made about Paderewski called "The Piano Player?"
My grandfather (Jozef Macioszek) came to Ellis Island in 1903. The immigration papers state his former residence and birthplace was Kramsk Poland-present govt. of Russia. So it was clear what ethnicity he was but also what govt. rule he lived under at the time. His story was that the Russion troops were coming into the villages and forceably conscripting the boys and men into the Russian Army-pulling them off the streets and out of there homes and loadind them into carts. He and his father and brothers were paid by a man to rebuild his barn. The father divided up the wages among the boys (about $20. each) and told them to GO! My grandfather made it to Hamburg where he got on a ship to NY. He never knew the fate of the of the rest of h's family.
My German grandfather was born in 1885 and came to the US in 1905. He lists his place of birth as Russia Poland. What does that mean? Was he a German living in a Russian sector of Poland? More specifically he was born in Kobrgaf, Poland but I can't find any information on where that was located. Can you help me out? Thank you.
If he was living where he was born, then this Kobrgaf should be located east from the red line on this map of Poland:
Most likely where one of these green spots is, because there were living most of Germans. Probably the name is wrongly written, because any city/town which existed in 1885 must be at least mentioned somewhere in the internet. Perhaps you have some original document with this city name so you could upload a picture.
lI was just curious about the conditions in Poland at that time that might have prompted so many people to leave.
By then, the pogroms were sadly in full force. grossmanproject.net/pogroms.htm Many Polish citizens (and back then, Poland was part of Vistula Land in the Russian Empire; so, many Vistulalanders) emigrated from both Congress Poland and Russian Pale areas such as Wołyn and Vaysrusland (now Belarus). Some even posed as Ethnic Poles and Lithuanians, and these Crypto Jews are sadly often overlooked: in order to be acknowledged as an Ashkenazi Jew of Crypto-Jewish descent with ancestors from that time period, you usually have to be someone like John Kerry.