semi-finished products
Raw ingredients is the term you're looking for, or fresh produce. The quality of the raw ingredients and the skill of the cook create the finished product. If you want to make naleśniki for example, beautiful creamy Irish milk and butter will give you a far superior result to watery Polish milk and insipid Polish butter and you'll have
real 'double' cream (48% fat) to mix into the cheese filling.
Irish goulash
That would be Irish stew :) traditionally made with cheap cuts of lamb, not very popular these days but I would make it with beef. Traditional Irish dishes, like most Polish ones, are fairly simple, but done well, they're delicious. Otherwise, we make all kinds of everything these days, but if you want a simple meal, you can get fabulous lamb chops on the bone for example, which you'd never find in Poland and only a complete eejit could mess up the cooking of them. I'd love to know what Torq was eating when he was in Ireland.
mccarthysofkanturk.ie/product/gigot-lamb-chops/