@gumishu
Don't forget that half of that $600B was gone on the first day - 50% in one day. It still sits frozen in Belgium and in New York. The sky didn't fall, and the central bank continued doing its job, including buying and selling foreign exchange. It has managed to keep the ruble within a tight band. Gold reserves are going down, because we pay certain people for certain things with gold. I think you can guess who those counterparties are, and why they prefer gold. The other reason is that the gold reserves had become too big for an economy of Russia's size, and the risk to the CBRF's holdings was becoming substantial. Russia is a large world producer of gold, and the Russian central bank was for a long time the world's largest buyer of gold.
Basically - gold is being spent on shady deals, and there was too much gold. Otherwise, the other structural parts of the reserves are looking good and sitting pretty. Recently, with all the nice things Trump has been saying about us, the Ruble rallied enormously - so the CB hasn't had to spend any FX on defending it. Instead they have been selling rubles and buying back fx.
Oil prices being low really is a sh*t piece of news, no way around it. At the same time, oil doesn't play the same all-important role it used to play in the Russian economy during the 90s and 00s. Oil and gas together account for about 30% of federal budget revenues, and approx. 15-20% of GDP. That's a lot, and a lot more than in the US, but still its not Saudi Arabia or something where nearly 100% of the budget depends on oil export tariffs.
when the war ends many people will look for jobs
This is actually a good thing, for which the central bank of Russia has been waiting for, for a very long time. Russia has a record low unemployment rate right now. A lot of people left. A lot of people died. And a huge amount of people have gone to work for the defense industry. The defense industry is attracting people by paying big salaries, in many cases salaries that the private sector cannot compete with. This reverses on its head the entire problem of the 90s and 00s.
At the same time, Putin and Co are not willing to drastically increase immigration. In fact - they are making a lot of noise about cracking down on it. It's not a very popular narrative, if people begin to think that Putin is killing Russians en masse in order to replace them with Kyrgyz and Tajiks.
So what you have is an extremely tight labor market. This means salaries have been exploding. Russians' real income growth has far outstripped inflation. As a further consequence, it heats up further inflation. The Central Bank tries to tame it by raising interest rates to insanely high levels, and it works - but this kills all normal Russian businesses in the process who can't afford to borrow in this climate. So... I am very happy that my compatriots are earning more money, buying more consumer goods, and building more houses - but it comes at a great expense.
So when people come back, and the defense factories start laying people off - this will be a great thing. Salary growth will hopefully slow down significantly. It will be easier to find people than right now, hopefully.
In general - there is no way around opening wide the gates of immigration, if you want Russia to grow fast.