Travel / Travel within Schengen using Poland's Karta Pobytu &/or US Passport [9]

Hi there, thanks in advance for your answer.
I am a lebanese citizen living in poland, i have karta pobytu valid for 3 years. I booked a ticket with Ryanair to spain and i didn't notice that my passport has expired 10 days ago.

My question is: does karta pobytu considered as a travel document ? Can i use it to travel even though my passport is expired ?