£OBDOWSKI: root-word probably łoboda (archaic/dialectal for lebioda = lovage, a herb); most likely origated as a toponymic nick from the village of £obdowo in northern Poland's Kujawy region.
DUZEN: No-one in Poland uses this surname at present. There is a German verb duzen which means to be on a first-name basis with someone and address them as du (you - 2nd person singular).
Conceivably duzen could have been the phonetic polonisation of the French douzaine (dozen). That incidentally went into German as Dutzend and Polish as tuzin.
ZAJDOWSKI: you're probably right -- -owski ending surnames are usually of toponmyic origin so Zajdy in Masuria would be an obvious soruce. But there is also a locality called Zajda in Hungary. It could have also been derived from the Polonised version of Seide (German for silk). A silk merchant nicknamed Seide in Poland would eventually have his name respelled Zajda and the son he fathered could well have been known by the patronymic nickname of Zajdowski.
yes, in my Family there are also the spelling with S, Sajdowski, but the oldest writing style is Zaydowski . Than, ca. 1830 the family name goes to Zajdowski. From y to j, but why?
The oldest style may not be th4e morrect. The furtehr back we goi the higher the illteracy rate, and even parish priests and village scribes who basicaly knew how ot read and write were often semi-literate at best. Besides, with names there are few reuls and standards. Spelling varies not only from place to place but often within the same family. Why it chanegd from Zajdowski to Sajdowski is anyone's guess. Sajdowski could be derived from sajda, part of a weaver's loom. With names most anything is possible. Your family probably changed it to Zaydowski to make it closer to the original. Zaydoski would have been a better respelling.
HETMAN: this is definitely a Polish surname -- it means military commander. It is an adpataiton of the German word Hauptmann -- literally headman but actually captain; in reference to Roman times -- centurion. Hetman went into Ukrainian as ataman.
STAWORZYŃSKI: root-word staw (pond); probably originated as a toponymic nick from Staworowo in the Podlasie reigon.
£UKASZYK: one of many surnames derived from the first name £ukasz (Luke) that probably served as a patronymic tag. Eng. equivalent: Lucasson.
FURTAS
FURTAS: root-word furta (gate - mainly of a monastery or castle); possibly originated as a colloquial term for a gate-keeper; the normal term is furtian.
Can't help you with the Hungarian - the only term I'm familiar with in that language is Egri Bikaver (Bull's Blood - the name of a hearty red wine).
In Polish the paskuc/paskud root could have come from the village of Paskudy (Podlasie reigon) or the noun paskuda (someting foul, repulsive, ugly) or the verb paskudzić (to befoul, sully, desecrate); in Old Polish it also meant to commit adultery (to befoul a married woman). There is a Polish surname Paskucki (most likely a toponymic nick from Paskudy).
Hello, I was wondering the origins of this surname is? From what I've read -czuk is of Ukrainian origin, and -czyk would be Polish. By translation the name would be Son of El. Is this a Jewish surname?
Your info on name formation is correct: -czak and -czyk are typically Polish patronymic endings whilst -czuk is more Ruthenian. There are very few Elczyks in Poland today and this is the first time I personally have run across the name. El could be short for Jewish names such as Eliasz or Elizeusz but also a Latin one like Eligiusz.
SZADOKIERSKI/SZADYKIERSKI: of toponymic origin, traceable to the village of Szadykierz in WIelkopolska voivodship. Fewer than three dozen users. One noble line with coat of arms. For more info please contact me.
KURASZ; also Kuras and Kuraś from kuras - peasant dialectal term for Old Polish kur (cock; in modern Polish - kogut).
RYSKA: from Old Polish verb ryskać (to do a slipshod job of ploughing, to plough carelessly, any old way). For more info on these please contact polonius3@gazeta.pl
DORA: probably derives from the feminine first name Dorota (from Greek meaning "gift of God"); some 190 people in Poland use it mainly in the south of the coutnry; the name is surely found in other countries as well.
EL could have been short for Elonora or ELżbieta and Elczuk, Elczak or Elczuk could have served as a metronymic nick (from the mother's first name). That was rare in Polish (more common in Ukrainian) but did occasioanlly occur to identify an out-of-wedlock bastard.
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