Seanus
29 Sep 2010
UK, Ireland / Common pitfalls for Poles learning English [187]
He has had a stroke (sometime recently and his experience). He has had 3 strokes in his life (collective experience). He had had too much to drink before he finally passed out. The having of too much to drink precedes the second action of passing out. That's the nature of the past perfect simple. The differentiating factor with the past perfect continuous is that we focus on the length of action (duration). I had been jogging for 2 hours straight before collapsing. In both cases, there are 2 actions and we focus on cause/effect sometimes, the relationship between them.
He has had a stroke (sometime recently and his experience). He has had 3 strokes in his life (collective experience). He had had too much to drink before he finally passed out. The having of too much to drink precedes the second action of passing out. That's the nature of the past perfect simple. The differentiating factor with the past perfect continuous is that we focus on the length of action (duration). I had been jogging for 2 hours straight before collapsing. In both cases, there are 2 actions and we focus on cause/effect sometimes, the relationship between them.