Why don't you have only one past tense in English? I'm lost in your past tenses. For example:
I was home when he came. ( Byłem w domu, kiedy przyszedł. ) I have been home when he came. ( Byłem w domu, kiedy przyszedł. ) I had been home when he came. ( Byłem w domu, kiedy przyszedł. )
I was = Byłem ( for man ) I have been = Byłem ( for man ) I had been = Byłem ( for man )
It's so complicated. Many Polish don't get it. We have only one past tense. That's enough.
Macie "aspekty" po polsku, z. pr. "isc", "chodzic", "pojsc" itd. Mamy "czasy" (tenses) po angielsku, n. pr. "I came" (jeden raz) przeciwko "I have been coming" (wiele razow), aby pokazowac roznice cynnosci.
The reason why you are making past tenses in English so hard is that you have thought up examples in English that do not exist. In English it is incorrect to say 'I have been home when he came' and 'I had been home when he came' as you are mixing up past tenses'. It is all right to simply say for example, I was home when he came though. Does this help?
Try simply 'I was home when he came' ja bylem w domu kiedy on przyszedl.
Ah conjugation (for years I thought you would be arrested for it)
Overview follows
1. Judy saved thirty dollars. (past) 2. Judy will save thirty dollars. (future) 3. Judy has saved thirty dollars. (present perfect) 4. Judy had saved thirty dollars by the end of last month. (past perfect) 5. Judy will have saved thirty dollars by the end of this month. (future perfect)
In total there are about (as I recall) thirty different tense combinations. The five above should be enough to srat with. Imperfect tenses next (I was planning to do them now but work got in the way)
It is all right learning grammar terms but they have to be used too.
Very true Michal. A lot of the tenses have fallen into disuse anyway. Its a pareto distribution, you will be correct 90% of th etime with 10% of the knowledge. Anyway I notice you are studying law which is a far more complex language!
Present continuous = Pisze Piotrowi dlugi list. = niedokonany (I'm writing Peter a long letter.) Present simple = Napisze Piotrowi list. = dokonany (I will have written Peter a letter.)
Wszystcie czasy (tenses) po angielsku zwiazku z aspektami po polsku. Marek
Indeed, it's quite helpful. To be sure, comparisons between Polish and other languages can only aide our ability to understand the target language (in this case Polish). :)
Thanks very much, Marek
Tylko dalej:
Napisalem/-am Piotrowi dlugi list. = I WROTE (dokonany!!) Peter a long letter. Pisalem/-am Piotrowi dlugi list. = I WAS WRITING (niedokonany!!) Peter a long letter.
Ja napisalem do Piotra dlugi list Ja pisalem do Piotra dlugi list Ja dalem Piotrowi prezent w Bozym Narodzeniu Ja daje Piotrowi prezent jutro, na przyklad. Pisze do Piotra dlugi list ja napisze do Piotra list is I will write Piotr a letter to Piotr
I would not have thought that 'napisze' could be the present simple case as it refers to a future action
Foolish me! Maybe I'm translating from German (AGAIN :) :) "Ich werde Peter einen (langen) Brief geschrieben haben." = I will have written Peter a long letter.