Leuca 1 | - 18 May 2009 #1I'm a uni student currently studying Semantics and I'm looking at Polish prefixes and the changes they can cause to words. From research so far three things can occur to a Polish simplex once it gains a prefix:1. Either none to very little change occurs other then the verb becomesperfective and creates an aspectual pair (pisać and napisać).2. Or the meaning of the word is changed, but not enough for the lexicalmeaning to change (pracowa- and prezepreacowa-).3. The lexical meaning of the prefixed simplex completely changes (mówi- andzamówi-) I've also notice a few others in another of the forumsnapierdolić, rozpierdolić, spierdolić.What I'm after, which is where I'm hoping any speaker of Polish can help me, is in finding more examples of the third state of prefixation when there is a change in meaning.Thank you :)
Marek 4 | 867 18 May 2009 #2If German is any help for comparison, many Polish prefixes which often 'perfectivize' a verb, i.e. make it a one-time vs. a repeated action, or 'imperfective', track with certain German forms, though of course, there is no relation.Perhaps the above would only confuse you, so I'll stop here. Below, more to your query:'NA' = fulfilling a completion, e.g. 'pisać'/'napisać',(to write) 'pić'/'napić' (to drink) etc..'ROZ = take an action to its extreme e.g. 'kazac'/rozkazać, 'wiedźić'/'rozwiedźić' etc...'S' = indicate one given time e.g. 'podobać się'/'spodobać się' (to find pleasing, to like)etc
Ziemowit 14 | 4,263 18 May 2009 #3Trzymać (to hold) vs. zatrzymać [samochód] (to stop [a car])[but also "to keep" - keep it to yourself; zatrzymaj to dla siebie].Razić - obrazić - wyrazić - zarazić - przerazić(each has a completely different meaning).Napierdolić - rozpierdolić - spierdolićis absolutely correct as an example but may cause outrage (or laughter) if presented publicly to (a) Polish speaking person(s).
McCoy 27 | 1,268 18 May 2009 #4Razić - obrazić - wyrazić - zarazić - przerazićzrazić - porazić - wrazić - narazićedit:but all have one in common - they sound like a yugo last names
Leonis 30 | 61 14 Mar 2010 #7Hello!Please help, I have some prefiks problem! They are very confusing...Please tell me which prefiks we use in these sentences...1) ....bierz ziemniaki na obiad! (po? I don't know...)2) .....brałem pieniądze od mojego kolegi. (absolutely no idea...)3) Ten kelner ....brał mnie już kilka razy. Zawsze dopisywał do rachunku. (don't even understand the sentence)Thank anyone very much in advance!
AdamKadmon 14 Mar 2010 #81) obierz - peel2) odebrałem - take away3) nabrał - take inExcerpts from 'Linguistics across historical and geographical boundaries'The function of prefixation in the assignment of aspect to the Polish verbThere are valuable contributions to the description of thePolish aspectual system [...] One such problem which still needsfurther discussion and proper explanation is the problem of therelation between a simple morphological form of the verb and itsprefixed formations. In a great number of treatments an opinionprevails that prefixation of morphologically simple verbs, which areimperfective, results in the formation of the perfective counterpartsof these verbs. Such observations can be found in almost everyPolish grammar handbook. This opinion has been basedon the analysis of certain verbs such as:pisać - napisać'write'robić - zrobić'do, make'czytać - przeczytać 'read' etc.where the addition of a prefix to a morphologically simple stem indeedresults in the formation of the derived perfective construction.