here / there - difference rules in Polish

what is the difference in the words
oto / totaj
are there any rukles to obey

thanks

Oto is the equivalent of French voilà. English lacks a direct equivalent but could be expressed by 'here you are', 'here it is' or 'and there you have it!' Tutaj is a variant form of tu (here).

Might I suggest, "Here it is" usually used in English to show that one has found something; for example a picture in an album, a search result on the web or just to show that you have found the answer to a question!

Regards Paul

Now what about 'ot ' by itself? My Polish teacher once taught that 'Ot!' as an explitive at the beginning of any utterance is/was a Lembergism (Lwów), and hence pure dialect.

Further explanation, please?

Ot is short for oto, innit?

I'm a little confused. Is "Tu są cztery krzesła" and "To są trzy jabłka" the same as saying "Here are four chairs" and "They are three apples"?

correct