UK, Ireland / First proper "Polish" School in the UK - The Next Stage of Ghettoisation [283]


While the poster loves to come out in still new internet incarnations, his views tend to remain monotonously unchanged, which is why he can be so easily indentified by the connaisseurs of the forum, including Delph or myself.

I wonder where the guy lives; is it the presumably dull city of Gdynia where his damned fate brought him one day and left on the ungraciouos Polish soil with no hope of returning to the miraculous Isles now overtaken by the unsustainable herds of barbaric Poles, or does he still live on the overcrowded (Small, but Once Great) Island called Britain where he once got to know a Polka, one of those coming with the herds from Poland, fell infatuated with, and later on that Polka left him for another, and the guy now meets her every time he goes out shopping in the local Polski Sklep because she's a shop assistant there?

Language / Where is that "something" that makes others think you are really good in language [141]


Indeed, it went off topic, but then again, I agree that digression is what makes conversation conversation.
The thread has shown that people are vividly interested in idioms. Let it be like this, although I think one will never manage to "internally" assimilate an idiom just by reading it or reading about it. Assimilating idioms into someone's inner world requires not only to be immersed inthe language, but first of all to be fully immersed in the culture as well.

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I should perhaps explain what I have meant to be the contents of this thread by using Lyzko's post #76 of the thread "Polish language would look better written in Cyrillic Script?".


The first sentence seems to be grammaticaly OK, but a Polish person would never say it in such a way. First, they would inverse "się" with "zgadzam". Nevertheless, if they chose to omit "zupełnie" at the beginning of the sentence, they would not be making this inversion! "Zgadzam się, Biegański!" - they would say. Second, the Polish person would not use "zupełnie" in this affirmative phrase (they would say either "w zupełności" or "całkowicie"; and indeed, this had instantly been corrected in the original thread!). But they would certainly say "zupełnie" if the sentence were negative - "Zupełnie się nie zgadzam, Biegański!", and not "W zupełności się nie zgadzam"; the latter would sound very "un-Polish".

And that's the point - even if you use the grammaticly correct words or expressions in a sentence, you may still sound "un-Polish" or, as a non-native speaker speaking in English, you may sound "un-English". You have to know that it's much better to use "w zupełności" with in the affirmative phrase and "zupełnie" in the negative phrase in the above context. These subtilities are indeed extremely dificult to master and they have to be practiced extensively through reading, speaking, listening and writing in the language. But, of course, they don't prevent anyone from being understood.

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On the reverse side, Lyzko's sentences sound "very English". I doubt if I ever would be able to substitue "concur" for "agree", as he did. And that briliant "nothing's gained with something turning towards something" is in my view so inheritedly English-native that hardly any Polish person with a good working knowledge of English who browses the internet rather reads the literature will ever be capable of uttering.

Language / Where is that "something" that makes others think you are really good in language [141]


Hasn't the whole thing been triggered off by this famous song:
We don't need no education,
We don't need no mind control!
Hey, teacher, leave us all alone ... ?

It is funny that those who, like the English, don't have the double negatives, want them in their speech, while those who, like the French, do have them, don't want them ("Je sais pas" in place of "Je ne sais pas").

Language / Where is that "something" that makes others think you are really good in language [141]


Not exactly so, but nevertheless the discussion have turned out to be very interesting. It revealed a very important thing, namely that using idiomatic expressions is vital part of being "good at a language". Having read the disussion, I have looked back at my own personal history of using English just to discover that I've never got to the stage of applying idioms to my conversations! As a student who happened to live for six month in the shadow of the gorgeous Durham Cathedral in Britain, as well as in London for some time, in a strictly British environment (with no connection to Polish whatsover during that time) in the 1980s, I think I developed fairly fine oral skills in English, to the point of being not recognizable as a non-British person in certain undemanding telephone conversations with the native speakers of English (pronounciation acquired thanks to the BBC TV courses and University of Warsaw books accompanying these courses). Yet, idioms were escaping my attention. Later on, I slowly gave up my love for English for my new love of French, and it was not until this year that I used my first English idiom ever (!) in a chat with British friends from Nottingham who came to visit me in Poland.

Idioms are another invisible, so to speak, background layer of a language. They don't carry any indespensible information, but they carry the very condensed information connected to the language history. You have to be excellent at a language to use them freely and spontaneously, almost unconsciously - as they are indeed used. I don't think I would be readily able to use a very specific English idiom, even if I carefully learned it before; likewise I don't think that any non-native person would be able to quickly apply an idiom like "przejechał się jak Zabłocki na mydle" in a running conversation in Polish.

The idiom I used in the conversation with the Nottingham people was very simple, indeed. It was the only one I have managed to recall from another discussion one year earlier, a discussion on various English idioms with my other Brititsh friends who came to visit me in Poland from Manchester. This lovely English, absolutely British, and extremely plain idiom was: "It's not my cup of tea" (but I did not mean "my cup of tea", though I was drinking one, actually).

History / Did British public protest against the sell out of Poland to the Soviets? [286]


Apart from the official events, there will be held: Tuesday, 31st July - "1944 - Miasto - 2012" multimedia show, Krasiński Square; Wednesday, 1st August - singing the songs of the Uprising, Piłsudski Square; Wednesday - theatre performance in the Museum of the Warsaw Uprising (tickets).

Off this Uprising anniversary events, I would go to see the show of stereoscopic photographies of Warsaw in 1916, at the Fotoplastikon, al. Jerozolimskie 51. They (Gazeta Wyborcza) say the author was an excellent photographer and the photos give a thrilling insight into the Warsaw streets of that time when Warsaw was sort of "liberated" - however strange it may sound in the light of events of the Uprising of 1944 - by the Germans from the Russian one-hundred year occupation (1815 - 1915). The author of the photographs was later on arrested by the now German occupants in the first days of the 1944 Uprising and sent to the Auschwitz death camp (some would say "Polish death camp") where he soon died (he was amore than 60 years old at that time, I think).

Law / who can help with advice how to get a citizenship of Poland (my german passport expired) [7]

You can certainly loose a passport, but how can you loose the citizenship?

If you know Polish, you should google "obywatelstwo polskie" or the website of the Polish Home Office (MSWiA - Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji)

Language / Where is that "something" that makes others think you are really good in language [141]


Nice examples of the uses for "however". As a non-native speaker of English, I may comment that I'd never say it that way. It certainly looks as an abuse of the word "however" in English.

In a once well-known song "Bynajmniej", Wojciech Młynarski touches a similar problem: the difficult (for some) use of "bynajmniej" in Polish. In the second verse of the song, you have the wrong use (the proper word to use there should be "właśnie"), in the fourth verse the man aptly jumps up on the "educated Polish native speaker level":

Trudno nie wspomnieć w opowiadaniu
Choćby najbardziej pobieżnym,
Że się spotkali pan ten i pani
W pociągu dalekobieżnym.
Ona - na pozór duży intelekt,
On - jakby trochę mniej,
Ona z tych, co to pragną zbyt wiele,
On szeptał jej:

Za kim to, choć go wcześniej nie znałem,
Przez ciasny peron się przepychałem?
Za Panią, bynajmniej za Panią...
Przez kogo płonę i zbaczam z trasy,
Czyniąc dopłatę do pierwszej klasy?
Przez Panią, bynajmniej przez Panią!
Byłem jak wagon na ślepym torze,
Pani zaś cichą stać mi się może
Przystanią, bynajmniej, przystanią...
Mówię, jak czuję, mówię, jak muszę,
Gdzie Pani każe - tam z chęcią ruszę
Za Panią, bynajmniej za Panią!

Ta pani tego pana męczyła
Przez cztery stacje co najmniej,
Zwłaszcza złośliwie zaś wyszydziła
Użycie słowa "bynajmniej".
A on - cóż, w końcu nie był zbyt tępy,
Cokolwiek przygasł - to fakt,
Jednak ogromne zrobił postępy,
Mówiąc jej tak:

Człowiek czasami serce otworzy.
Kto go wysłucha? Kto mu pomoże?
Nie pani, bynajmniej nie pani...
I kto, nie patrząc na tę zdania składnię,
Dojrzy, co człowiek ma w sercu na dnie?
Nie pani, bynajmniej nie pani...
Dla pani, proszę pani, wszystko jest proste:
Myśli są trzeźwe, słowa są ostre
I ranią, cholernie mnie ranią!
I wiem, że jeśli szczęście dogonię,
W cichej przystani kiedyś się schronię,
To nie z panią, bynajmniej nie z panią!

As to the other two uses, they seem fine examples of the "educated English native speaker level". If I were to express the "regardless of method" idea, I'd have probably said: "I will be late whatever way we travel" which might be ambiguous (or simply wrong) for the native speaker since by meaning "method", I might be describing "itinerary".

I would probably sound akward with the third use: My hair won't lie flat despite brushing it very much in place of "My hair won't lie flat, however much I brush it".

News / Work begins on 'Polish Disneyland' [37]


OLT Express airlines is an interesting case, anyway [my niece happens to work there]. It is owned by Amber Gold, a para-financial company which is now followed closely by the the Polish Securities and Exchange Commission [KNF] for receiving deposits from clients without having any banking license (they say they don't have to). Amber Gold said their airline is going to stop leasing six ATR planes since they're "too expensive in exploitation". Apparantly, the parent company runs short of money.

Hopefully, sanddancer alias gdyniaguy doesn't have any booked flights back to the UK with them ...

News / Work begins on 'Polish Disneyland' [37]


Gdyniaguy!? That miilitant member of the Labour Party and a very devoted reader of the Tory press at the same time? I've been worried that he's gone back to the UK, but here he is again, luckily.

100% Polish.

News / Work begins on 'Polish Disneyland' [37]

Funny thread.


I haven't read the paper version of "The Times" of London for ages, but at the time I did, it clearly said "Britain" and "Europe" and "Overseas" as head titles of their columns. [Well, it could have said: "Britain" and "the Continent" and "Overseas", me thinks.]


It's nothing unusual in it. Why shouldn't we? If the UK is stupid enough to give us free money ...

History / Questions about Polish borders, Galicia and Cossacks. [50]


These two sentences show how the internet "education" is misleading and inaccurate. One reads the internet and then one pretends to have become an expert on the subject!

First thing to remember is that the ethnic border between the Polish and the Ruthenians was more westwards in the Middle Ages than the present frontier of Poland with Ukraine. Then one must known that the term "Galicia" for the territory it describes today was a purely Austrian invention who called this way the lands they acquired in the first partition of the Polish Commonweath in 1772. The official term was "The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria"; those names having been the latinized versions of the Ruthenian proper names "Halicina" and "Vlodomeria", these in turn being the names of Ruthenian principalities which had disappeared long before the Austrians decided to steal - alongside with Russia and and the Kingdom of Prussia - much of the territory they later called Galicia from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. An enormous Austrian colonial exploitation of both the Polish and Ukrainian peasantry then began in Galicia leading the inhabitants of the region to subsequently nickname the land by the name of "Królestwo Golicji i Głodomerii" (the Kingdom of Nakedness and Starvation), such big was poverty and hunger in the province under the Austrian rule in the second half of the 18th century. This policy had later changed, and Galicia became an autonomous region within the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, contrasting sharply with Russia-occupied parts wherein, throughout the second half of the 19th century, Russia tried to impose the Russian language on the Polish population of the Congress Kingdom of 1815, or with the German Empire which resorted to acts of barbarian physial violence against the Polish children of Września in the Great Duchy of Poznan who refused to say the "Pater Noster" prayer in German.

To sum up, the western part of former Galicia has always been ethnicly Polish as it never belonged to the Pricipality of Halicina (or "Red Ruthenia" as it is usually refered to), but it belonged to the Kingom of Poland from the very begining of the country. The ethnic border was reflected in the frontier between the Malopolan and Ruthenian voivodships as before the year 1772.

Lemko have never been polonized Ruthenians. They used to be the populaion of Ruthenian origin, but with a significant part of ancestry from settlers of Volochia (in today's Romania) as well as other lands south of the then Polish border.

I doubt that Galicia as a whole had an overall Ruthenian majority before and after 1914. Lvov and other major cities in Eastern Galicia had a Polish majority, and a very significant Jewish minority exceeding the one of Ruthenians. Cracow, on the other hand, had a very small, if any, Ruthenian minority.

History / The history and discussion of the Bambrzy people in Greater Poland/Posen area [25]

The interesting information is on the Polish wiki site. It says that in the inter-war period (1918-1939), the name bamber was given to an honest and wealthy farmer, while after the WWII, the name acquired a derogatory meaning.

And indeed, it is by such a meaning that I got to know this name as an inhabitant of the Warsaw area. At that time, I had no idea that the word bamber was of foreign origin, but I knew that bamber was a rather wealthy farmer, usually one that grows vegetables (bogaty ogrodnik).

The word can still be heard in the Warsaw area. A friend of mine who used to be a bamber (but of purely Polish origin), has now sold most of his land to the construction companies or to the State for the A2 motorway, and has subsequently become a modern capitalist who invests money in property and on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

UK, Ireland / Polish woman living in England is moving back to Poland. How much money do I need? [87]

As a Polish person living in Poland (not a "silly Brit"), I am signing myself under Strzyga's opinion. Much depend on where you are going to settle. As a person living in the Warsaw area, I am often shocked by low prices of some items in the province, but this is true the other way as well, prices of other items may be higher.

Language / What's the difference between...los, dola, fatum and przeznaczenie? [7]


"O losie!" reminds me of the famous "O roku ów!".

O roku ów! Kto cię widział na Litwie i w Rusi
Ten wiedział, że ten burdel źle się skończyć musi
Tłok, że nie ma na czym usiąść, co najwyżej w kucki
Poniatowski, Dąbrowski, Wałęsa, Piłsudski
Jankiel miast poloneza majofesa grzmoci
Zosia płacze, bo Tadzia złapała na cioci
A z RFN-u już wraca stara wołowina
Co ją kiedyś skradł Hitler. £oj, zbliża się finał!

Language / What's the difference between...los, dola, fatum and przeznaczenie? [7]

Indeed, "dola" has two meanings: one is "share" (very colloqial) and the other (archaic or colloqial) is "los": ciężka jest moja dola = ciężki jest mój los = ciężkie jest moje życie.

Real Estate / Poland's apartment prices continue to fall [1844]

Is there a Disneyland in London? I thought they may only have this sh$t in Paris (except America, of course).

Language / The English 'To Get' & Dostać vs Otrzymać [15]


These are inspiring observations (pointing to the link between "trzymac" i "otrzymać" in particular) which made me think about the difference. I would basically agree with those observations, with the exception for the idea that expressions wit "otrzymać" should be necessarily linked to material things which you would have "to grab".

I think the verb "otrzymać" could be used somewhat figuratively, so you wouldn't have to "grab something in hand" in order to employ it. An expression like "otrzymać wiadomość" is perfectly natural, and 'wiadomość' would not always be in the form of a material thing as you may well get it from someone by phone, for example. In the same way, phrases like "otrzymać pochwałę/wyniki/notę" seem perfectly all right.

The difference seems to be coming from what I would call the "inner" meaning of those verbs, something that Peter Cracow started to point to. The verb "otrzymać" should be used for something that comes to you from the outside world, the source of which is outside of yourself. On the other hand, the verb "dostać" is much more universal, it may serve both "directions" of the usage. It may associate itself with the things coming from the inside as well as things coming from the outside of the subject. But, this verb is the only choice for things that form themselves within you; thus, you can't say "otrzymać gorączkę" as it doesn't arrive into you from the outside world (the cause of it may, however), but you can only "dostać gorączki" as 'gorączka' originates strictly within your body. In the same way, we say: dostać małpiego rozumu [zachowywać się idiotycznie bez racjonalnej przyczyny] / szajby [same as previously] / białej gorączki [wściec się straszliwie].

History / In WW2 Poland who was eligible to sign the Volksliste ? [48]

You wrote in another thread:


Now, this Identity Card explains that it was not the case. Geburtsort is "Gnesen/Posen" rather than "Gnesen/Polen". I can see nowhere in this document : "Staatsangehorigkeit : Polen" !?

It is interesting that the Polish letter "ć" in his surname Maćkowiak is retained!

Language / Too many English words in the Polish language! [709]

And yet, there are good programmes on TV! You just don't have to switch your TV set on and watch, but you have to look at your TV guide first.

One of my favorites is "Swiat według Kiepskich" on the Polsat channel. The sitcom is so tremendously stupid, yet it can be so tremendously intelligent! No jak nie, jak tak!

News / What really happened at the Krakow restaurant? [53]

I think this is very much on topic, mod. Half of the threads on the forum turn into semitism or anti-semitism, and yet no one has provided the PolishForum with a comprehensive definition of the phenomenon. Every specialist on the matter (and there are herds of them) here navigates in very dark waters.

Travel / Warsaw is the most congested city in Europe [6]

Seems to be true. One of the reasons is the lack of the proper (wide and expanded) underground system. Another is the poor quality of the railway service around Warsaw. I commute on the Pruszków - Warsaw line and it is very crowded in rush hours. If it wasn't so, even more people would commute on it, I'm sure.

On the other hand, people complain in another thread on the forum that Polish salaries are so extremely low (Milky, 4 eigner). Why then such a great number of cars which make Warsaw the most congested city in Europe? Are these mostly foreign people who circulate in their cars in Warsaw or is it the Polish financial elite who does it (quite numerous in that case)? I remind everyone that streets in the city center are quite broad due to the post-war reconstrution.

I wonder what was London's place in this ranking before they started to impose their congestion charge for entering the city center.

Language / Too many English words in the Polish language! [709]


That's an interesting point. In the same way as Holywood films do not reflect the avarage reality in the US, the language spoken on Polish TV doesn't reflect the avarage reality of the language spoken in the street or at home. The television here is full of pretentious people, particularly in the so-called "breakfast programmes" ("telewizja na śniadanie"). Undoubtedly, the term "gadka-szmatka" is not suitable for TV (too colloquial), but one of the genuinely Polish terms to use there should be "niezobowiązująca rozmowa" or "niezobowiązująca konwersacja" (notice that "konwersacja" in Polish is not of English, but of French origin). Obviously, this term is not "cool" enough for breakfast or such kind of TV, so they will turn to "small talk" instead, and then some stupid people will take it up and repeat the word to look "cool" themselves, while in fact they look even more idiotic than they really are.

A cultural and situational context of using foreign or borrowed words is important. Some of those words come into use for a limited period of time only and then disappear. I remember the term "debeściak" (of the English "the best") which was extremely popular in the 1990s (could be heard in virtually every Polish film of that time), but has now almost disappeared or is used only ironically. It's always been treated as a clever and funny cliché rather than a true borrowing into Polish.

Language / Too many English words in the Polish language! [709]

"Know-how" is an old borrowing in Polish, though I can't be sure if it may go back as far as to the pre-1939 period. I think it does, and my feeling is that it might have already come into use in the late 1930s.

This borrowing is a sort of cliché in Polish, in the same way as the French "savoir-vivre" or "femme fatale" or "déjà vu" are, which were adopted long time before adopting any cliché from English. It is interesting because it reflects the expansion of English in the world; the Polish language did grasp the English version rather than trying to follow the French with their "savoir-faire".

Generally, "know-how" is more of an international thing than just an English expression in Polish. It is international in the same way as "Big Mac" is. Yesterday evening, I was watching the film "Pulp Fiction" on a tremendously big screen in an open-air summer cinema in one of the satellite towns of Warsaw. One of the characters in the film asks another what "Big Mac" is in French and the reply is that "Big Mac" will be Big Mac everywhere in the world, but the French put "le" before it.

As to "small talk", it perhaps stands a chance to become another English cliché in Polish. I've never been using it myself, and I think that the majority of young people here would still spontaneously use "gadka-szmatka" in place of "small talk". What you see in print may not necessarily reflect the reality of spoken language in Poland.

Genealogy / my Polish Grandfather in Hitler Youth? HOW? [65]


If they were in Germany in 1943, and they were people of mixed ethnicity, I still find it possible that they could be declaring themselves Polish. If it is not the case since those people would have been too frightened to do that (and it is very likely), you might have perhaps assumed that the German authorities while examining their ethnicity would certainly choose "German", once they were of mixed ethnicity. But the case could have well been the other way round: in a strictly German environment to which they fled in Germany, those people could have been perceived as Polish rather than German since they were half Polish and have arrived from Poland. That's my another possible explanation.

I think that examining the documents will not reveal anything new in regard to this matter.

Genealogy / my Polish Grandfather in Hitler Youth? HOW? [65]

So either of his parents was half-Polish, half-German. Then by blood he was half-Polish and half-German himself. As you cannot cannot declare Polono-German as ethnicity, you have to chose between one or the other. Since he was born in Poland, in the part of the country which until 1793 had always been Polish, and which again returned to Poland in 1918, and which later on was invaded by the Germans in 1939, both himself and his parents may have been choosing to declare themselves Polish. What's so special about that ?

Language / Give me some reasons to learn Polish [126]

Cześć Edytku (as a form of address, Edytku is imaginable, but may be used only among close relatives or very close friends as it implies that a girl or a woman is good-naturedly assigned an imaginary male name which would be Edytek; otherwise, the proper form in the vocative case should only be Edytko!),

Właściwie to nie wiem co chcesz nam powiedzieć w swoim poście. Chyba tylko to, że język polski jest trudny. Tak, owszem, jest trudny. Dlatego też bardziej naturalne wydawałoby mi się użycie w kontekście Twojej wypowiedzi formy niedokonanej czasownika poddać się zamiast jego formy dokonanej.



A zatem, nie poddawaj się, Edytko!

Genealogy / my Polish Grandfather in Hitler Youth? HOW? [65]


So I wish you a good night! Here in Poland we are in the middle of a very brigt, very sunny and a very hot morning.


I can undersatand your reluctance not to publish a scan with a name of your GP on a public forum. You've said somewhere that you've been shocked to discover that your grandfather was member of the Hitlerjugend. In a way your case reminds me of the widely publicized case of the present Polish Prime Minister, Donald Tusk, who was accused by one of his political opponents from the opposition party PiS (the name means "Law and Justice" in English), Jacek Kurski, that the PM's grandpa, a Kashubian man, had volontarily joined the German Wehrmacht during the WWII. As it subsequently turned out, the man was actually recruited into the army by the German authorities and later on he even managed to escape from the Wehrmacht, but a great injustice was done to the prime minister by this false accusation by a member of a party which proudly bears the word Justice in its name.

Nevertheless, the case apty shows how complicated the political and familial reality in the Germany-occupied Poland was.


That may be interesting, but quite irrelevant to the case. This question of yours, in turn, reminds me of a story in which Herr Hitler who had been told that one of his most talented generals cannot be considered purely Aryan since he had a Jewish grandmother. Hitler got very angry at this news and immediately started shouting: It is me who decides who is or who is not Jewish in Germany !!!

Genealogy / my Polish Grandfather in Hitler Youth? HOW? [65]


However, I find it very strange to put such an inscription in 1943!!! If Gniezno was indeed in Poland at the birth of the person, his citizenship in 1943 couldn't be "Poland" even if he lived in Gniezno or Krotoszyn, or was it his citizenship at birth?

News / SUNDAY WITHOUT MASS IN POLAND - Judaeo-leftist Wyborcza gloats [165]


Let me point out to you that you are using exactly the same technique which you despise at Wyborcza. Your headline is: SUNDAY WITHOUT MASS - Judeo-leftist Wyborcza gloats. You highlight the fact that Wyborcza gloats with the fact of only 40% church attendance with attributing them the "judeo-leftist" adjective. This is basically a przyganiał kocioł garnkowi thing!

As someone who reads and browses through a lot of printed press in Poland, I would never associate this newspaper with the "judeo-leftist" adjective. The paper is leftist, but even if Michnik is a Jew himself, and even if many authors who write for the paper may be of Jewish origin, I very naturally perceive them as part of Polish society rather than part of a Jewish community. As someone once shrewdly observed it (wasn't it Norman Davies?), the traditional Polish-Jewish divisions emmigrated from Poland to the US state of New York after the WWII and still remain there. Wyborcza prints a lot of stuff on Christianity and Catholicism in Poland in which discussions herds of Polish Roman Catholic priests take part. And of course, as an every serious paper, Wyborcza has its views on particular subjects.

Still, there are people in Poland who consider them as a "Jewish paper" (there are two among my acquaitances). On the other hand, there is an awful lots of Catholics here (there are many more among my acquaitances) that read Wyborcza every day without even having thought of it as "Jewish". Some say that the Roman Catholic Church in Poland is divided between "Kościół Toruński" and "Kościół £agiewnicki" and there seems to be quite a lot of truth in it (don't they have Republians and Democrats in the US?)! So possibly at least some members of the "Toruń" Roman Catholic Church in Poland may indeed believe in the "Judeo-leftist" character of this biggest "heavy" newspaper daily in Poland.