There's not much of an academic tradition here.
Nah, goes back only to the mid 14th century.
I translated a final year Masters essay title the other day and it was along the lines of "The HR tools used in modern businesses". Evaluation? Discussion? Analysis? Who knows? Who cares?
Essay and thesis are two very different beasts. A piece of work like that can have an actual postulate or two, or it can be simply a descriptions of current state of affairs in a given field or a fragment of the field of expertise. This alone does not indicate the ability, or lack of academic tradition.
In some schools a graduate thesis is also only an option. You may get Masters without having one thought of your own - simply pass a few exams. For instance North American Masters of Library and Information Science. It all varies from subject to subject and from school to school.
any Polish students who I know did not have to work during studies, parents pay the bills.
Not sure how things look there now, but I can't imagine being able to work and study at the same time. The workload was simply too high. I pulled that trick in Canada though.
The main difference I see between what I experienced in North America and Poland was that in Poland they offered education and science. North American undergrad and grad schools are often concentrated on credentialing. The difference may sound subtle but really it is very profound.