And for what i know you just need a proof that you live in poland from more than 185 days, not a pesel.
Which means you need to have the right to stay in Poland for more than 3 months - which is impossible to get if you don't have a reason to be in Poland.
The PESEL requirement may vary from office to office - but bearing in mind that the PESEL is printed on driving licences here, it wouldn't surprise me if they refused a licence on the grounds that they can't print the number.