In this example, "Basia nie lubi nosić.........(krótka spódnica)" Do the bracketed words remain nominative, turn genitive (due to the negation) or something altogether different?
I have been away for over three months and I feel as though I've forgotten every word of Polish I ever learned!!! HELP!
In an effort to try get to grips with Polish cases I'm trying to come up with example sentences using the same Polish word but in different cases. Unfortunately I'm very new to learning Polish so I could really do with a native speaker checking for any errors. If anyone could help me I'd be very grateful. Anyway, here's what I've come up with so far:
kobieta - feminine singular noun (hard stem)
(Nom) Ta jest kobieta. (Gen) Szukam kobiety. (Dat) Muszę kobiecie pomagać. (is this word order correct?!) (Acc) Czekam na kobietę. (Ins) Ona jest piękną kobietą (Loc) Czytam książę o kobiecie (Voc) ????
If anyone could think of better sentences I'd love to hear from you because I'm pretty sure these are awful lol! Oh, and I'd really appreciate any help with coming up with a vocative sentence.
(Nom) Ta jest kobieta. OK (Gen) Szukam kobiety. OK (Dat) Muszę kobiecie pomagać. (is this word order correct?!) OK (Acc) Czekam na kobietę. OK (Ins) Ona jest piękną kobietą OK (Loc) Czytam książę o kobiecie OK (Voc) ???? kobieto :)
Does the ten, ta, to not have to agree with the noun it refers to?
(Dat) Muszę kobiecie pomagać.
"Muszę pomóc (tej) kobiecie" sounds better.
Would it still be correct and make sense the other way? I adapted that sentence from Muszę mu pomagać and because I don't really know what I'm doing I thought I'd better stick to the same order when I inserted kobiecie. Why is it better with the perfective verb?
Both you and the Polish language are confusing things. Luckily, although Polish is confusing, it has its own internal consistency and logic.
"To jest..." is a phrase on its own, independent of what it might actually be in gender terms. Use of the word jest leads to the noun that "to" is being instrumental.
Grammatically you are correct and it is even conceivable a native speaker of Polish could use this sentence. Only that I'd probably have to think of some elaborate context to justify the usage.
Now I'm really confused! To clarify could someone please tell me which of the following are grammatically correct and what they translate to in English. I understood the first one to mean that is a woman.
Ta jest kobieta
To jest kobieta
Ta jest kobietą
To jest kobietą
I understand to jest is a set phrase but does that mean ta jest is incorrect or just that it is not frequently used?
This is the only phrase which I would use. However, you can only use in certain sense. Like when pointing at a picture of someone who has an undistinguishable sex. You could say something like, "Thats a woman" To jest kobieta.
Ta jest kobietą
Very crude sounding. Ta is an impolite way of referring to a female. More likely heard as Ta, to jest kobietą! Like in an all male discussion about an attractive woman, "That one, shes a woman!"
NoSpeakyPolski don't worry just stick to "to jest kobieta" this is the only correct way to express "this is a woman" (out of the forms you metioned)
the other forms are almost never used... I could probably think of a situation when one could use them but it would a really weird and complicated situation... and the meaning would be a bit different than simple "this is a woman"
This person is a woman: In this instance "woman" is an instrument of "person", hence the instrumental case. (This is how I think of it!). "This is a woman" is nominative as no actions are being done in the sentence, so kobieta - nominative. Correct me if I am mistaken
Why does luty become w lutym? In my dictionary it says it is a mascline word and so with preposition w should it not take either -'e or -u ending for locative case? Is it just an irregular word? What am I missing?
Although it's a noun it declines like an adjective. Apparantly, the word comes from an old Polish language and means "cold", "freezing" but since this word is not being used in this context anymore but only as a name of the month, it became a noun.
Nominative – luty Genitive – lutego Dative – lutemu Accusative – luty Instrumental – lutym Locative – lutym Vocative – luty
I suppose practically all of the names of both the weekdays as well as the months in Polish have a special meaning:
poniedziałek = Monday (day AFTER Sunday, guessing a bit here, I'll admit-:)) środek = Wednesday (middle of the week) czwartek = fourth day of the week piątek = fifth " " "
luty = February (the cold, gloomy period of Winter's end) ?? sierpień = August, the pre-harvest month ('sierp' = scythe???) listopad = November (when the 'liście' or leaves fall from the trees ???)
etc...
Sorry, I meant 'środa' (Wednesday) NOT 'środek' (means)-:)
STYCZEŃ originally called TYCZEŃ from the word “tyczka” a (bean pole), that's the month the farmers were preparing bean poles for the upcoming planting season.
LUTY meant something cold, fierce. In old polish there was a phrase "luty wiatr" meaning (cold fierce wind). Lutość in old polish meant (fierce).
MARZEC is derived from Latin "Martius" english "March". KWIECIEŃ is derived from the word KWIETNY meaning (flower-covered). The month when fields are covered with wield flowers. MAJ again Latin influence "Maius" english "May" derived from the name of a Roman Goddess Maia in polish MAJA mother of Mercury.
CZERWIEC is derived from CZERWIE a (honeybee pupae). LIPIEC that's the month when LIPA (lime tree) blooms. The flower is harvested and dried, brewed as a tea, good to take during the cold or used as detox. Taken in a small dose has a calming effect.
SIERPIEŃ associated with the word SIERP (scythe), The month of harvest. WRZESIEŃ that's the month when (heather) blooms in polish WRZOS. PA-DZIERNIK month when LEN (fiber flax) is harvested and processed, the waste and the bits leftover after the fiber extraction from flax are called PA-DZIERZE (awn ???), hence the name.
LISTOPAD literally meaning time of falling leaves. GRUDZIEŃ derived from a noun GRUDA, (a dirt clod).
