diminutivization
Interstingly, some diminutivised forms have evolved into standard forms. For instance, córka is now the standard form of daughter although originally it was córa. That term is used today mainly for a "córa Koryntu" (prostutute). Ciotka used to be ciota, but now that is slang for a homo. Dziad used to be grandfather and still can mean ancestor but usually we now use the diminutive dziadek.
Augmentatives are mainly limited to the -sko ending: babsko (big, nasty old hag), kocisko (big, mangy, old tomcat), bucisko (big, clumsy shoe), szwabisko (nasty, good-for-nothing kraut {German}). Other than -sko occasionally other endings occur, eg piach for piasek (sand).
An interersting ending is -ina/-yna which is used to denote something poor, shabby, negative: eg dziennikarzyna (poor excuse for a journalist), aktorzyna (poor man's actor), chałupina (small, ramshackle cottage), kaczyna (sickly, underfed, pitiful-looking duck), etc. Would you know whether any non-Slavic language has anything similar.