1 Ponedelʹnik in Russian Poniedzialek in Polish
2 samolet in Russian samolot in Polish
3 można in Polish mozna/mozhet in Russian
4 morze in Polish more in Russian
5 noc in Polish noch in Russian
6 chleb in Polish hleb in Russian
7 czlowiek in Polish chelovek in Russian
8 uszy in Polish ushi in Russian
and many many more...
1. (Russian понедельник (poniediélnik),
Bulgarian понеделник (ponedelnik),
Polish poniedzialek,
Czech "pondělí"
Common to all slavic languages since the times of two saint brothers: Cyril and Methodius. Saint Cyril and Methodius's work in Moravia became the foundation of Slavic civilization in eastern and south-eastern Europe.
2. Slavic languages
samolot/samolet for airplane represent a clear-cut case of loan-translation. Other slavic languages have other words, eg. in Serbo-Croat an airplane is called
avion: a loan-shift (Latin, avis, aviarium), the same as in French.
3 mozna/mozhet
One of many words common for all slavic languages. Words of the same origin in other, non-slavic languages:
- magan - Gothic, Old High German, Old Saxon and Old English languages;
- may - English;
- mogen - Dutch;
- mögen - German;
- må - Swedish.
4 morze/more - an "originary word":
O.E. mere "sea, lake, pool, pond," from P.Gmc. *mari (cf. O.N. marr, O.S. meri "sea," Du. meer "lake," O.H.G. mari, Ger. Meer "sea," Goth. marei "sea," mari-saiws "lake"), from PIE *mori-/*mari "sea" (cf. L. mare, O.C.S. morje, Rus. more, Lith. mares, O.Ir. muir, Welsh mor "sea," Gaulish Are-morici "people living near the sea").
5. noc/noch - - an "originary word":
O.E. niht (W.Saxon neaht, Anglian næht, neht), the vowel indicating that the modern word derives from oblique cases (gen. nihte, dat. niht), from P.Gmc. *nakht- (cf. O.H.G. naht, O.Fris., Du., Ger. nacht, O.N. natt, Goth. nahts), from PIE *nok(w)t- (cf. Gk. nuks "a night," L. nox, O.Ir. nochd, Skt. naktam "at night," Lith. naktis "night," O.C.S. nosti, Rus. noch', Welsh henoid "tonight").
6. chleb/hleb
Common for slavic and german languages (present-day word brot/bread is later):
- Gothic - hlaifs
- Old Norse - hleifr
- Old English - hlaf
- Old High German - hleip
- German - leib
- English - loaf
The old English hlaf is present in today's word lord, originaly hlafweard, i.e., "one who guards the loaves," from hlaf "bread, loaf" + weard "keeper, guardian, ward."
7. czlowiek/chelovek - a word common for all slavic languages.
Probably a composite word *
kil-o-woik-o-s - adult, being of mature age, of whole age. Source: Bańkowski etymological dictionaray.
8. uszy/ushi "originary word":
"organ of hearing," O.E. eare "ear," from P.Gmc. *auzon (cf. O.N. eyra, Dan. øre, O.Fris. are, O.S. ore, M.Du. ore, Du. oor, O.H.G. ora, Ger. Ohr, Goth. auso), from PIE *ous- with a sense of "perception" (cf. Gk. aus, L. auris, Lith. ausis, O.C.S. ucho, O.Ir. au "ear," Avestan usi "the two ears").