What about trying Kamienna Gora? It's accessible by train from Wroclaw, it's not particularly known by foreigners and you can hop over to the Czech Republic to buy beer :)
Related: Góry Stołowe near Kudowa Zdroj
From Wroclaw I would like to go to Karlow or Pasterka for a walk in the area of the Table Mountains. Is that area beautiful enough for a day's stay? Is it a realistic plan to drive by car from Wroclaw to that region, walking there and go back in just one day?
I recommend Stawy Milickie and forests between Skoroszów and Milicz. You can get to Milicz by train I believe or go to Trzebnica by train (a very scenic ride by itself) and then take a bus to Milicz.
Hi, at that web page: airport wroclaw transfer you could find some pictures with short description of interesting places around Wroclaw. This company also specialize in private car transfers in Wroclaw and they speak English.