here's your answer
Well, there's no Polish School of Mathematics there, reasons unclear, although possibly not really suspicious, as it is really hard to get squeezed into the first 30 of al times.
The article is bollocks, though. Either those Polish professors were misquoted, or they just don't really know Polish history.
During the 19th century there were two main efforts of retaining Polish identity, the 'romantic' one, resulting in insurrections, and the 'positivist' one, which meant 'retaining the Polish substance' by education, social advance, growing influence. After the last insurrection in 1863, the positivist attitude took the upper hand, and it resulted in patriotic Poles both seeking and spreading education. The result was that Poland was exporting engineers to the vastness of the Russian Empire and the world in general.
After 1918 those migrants flocked back to Poland, to rebuild it after the WW1 fronts had levelled it down, and together with the locals they performed the miracle of raising from the ashes.
The Polish School of Mathematics is not something one can suddenly conjure out of thin air, it needs at least one generation of popular, sound education in mathematics, in order to create the pool from which to choose those most talented. And this 'at least one' generation needed the teachers to educate them. This generation created the 'Enigma trio', and allowed the Polish intelligence to read German Enigma codes long before the war. Turing was basing his developments on Polish achievements. This was not a handful of mavericks, it was a result of a long lasting effort.
And the commies didn't suppress the technical education neither, they needed engineers to develop the industry. There was nothing much to improve on the technical and scientific education after the fall of communism, actually the impression is that the post-commie 'improvements' were a step back in this area. Only as late as 2001 maths ceased to be obligatory as matura subject. A huge mistake in opinion of plenty of Poles.
So, my conclusion is, that either the NYT is (understandably) ignorant about the development of Polish education during the last 2 centuries, or it is just another, this time nicely veiled, attempt to present Poles as a bunch of simpletons. It doesn't matter at all that they use quotations from renowned Polish scientist to promote the idea. 'Creative quoting'' is one of the basic tools of dedicated journalism.
And now go compare the Polish education in maths, however damaged it may be in the recent decade or two, with the country once being in the avant garde of technical development, where stating 'my maths is miserable' is considered a fashionable attitude of a successful individual. And by 'maths' they mean the four basic arithmetic operations... For a Pole, it's a shock. I could tell stories about it, Poles in Poland would not believe.
So, this article is bollocks.
Sorry for the long post, but I've been cut off the Internet for 5 days...