" gdzie się podziewałeś" you use when you haven't seen/haven't heard about your friend for years; or alternatively, when you want to show irritation, like when he was supposed just to fetch the screwdriver, but have gone for hours.
gdzie jest Polska = right podziewales wszystkie czas = gibberish
where have you been all this time = literally "Gdzie sie podziewales przez caly ten czas?", a little of an overstatement, saying simply "Gdzie sie podziewales?" would suffice. "Gdzie byles przez caly ten czas" would be also correct.