Please help with the translation in Polish of a set of English sentences

Hello Everyone!

This is my first post here: I'm Charlie, French, soon to be among Poles!

Please bear with me a little while, my post and my question needs a little explaining.

I'm going to live in Kraków for a nine months volunteering mission, starting 1st October.
I want to learn Polish as best as I can during my stay in Poland, and I'm going to start right now.

Before going all out, I wanted to do a little research about the best approach/method to do it. I stumbled upon a lot of interesting resources that I will share here, if anyone is interested.

Among those resources, there is a guy named Tim Ferriss who has written interesting blog posts about learning a new language, and even had a TV show episode centered around the idea of learning at an accelerated rate.

Here youtu.be/rh66cp33CrQ?t=195 is a video where he talks about a few methods to learn languages. One of those methods consists of having a short set of sentences, both in your native tongue and your target language. The objective is to better understand how the target language is structured, and always have those sentences to fall back on when stuck.

So I want to ask: Could you please help me by translating that set of sentences in Polish? This would help me tremendously, and anyone else interested in using that method among several others.

Here are the sentences:

The idea is to have something like this (my example is in French, which is structurally close to English):


The apple is red.
La pomme est rouge.
The apple is red.

It is John's apple.
C'est la pomme de John.
It-is the apple of John.

I give John the apple.
Je donne la pomme à John.
I give the apple to John.

We give him the apple.
Nous lui donnons la pomme.
We him give the apple.

He gives it to John.
Il la donne à John.
He it gives to John.

She gives it to him.
Elle la lui donne.
She it him gives.

Is the apple red?
La pomme est-elle rouge?
The apple is-it red?

The apples are red.
Les pommes sont rouges.
The apples are red.

I must give it to him.
Je dois la lui donner.
I must it him give.

I want to give it to her.
Je veux la lui donner.
I want it him give.

I'm going to know tomorrow.
Je saurai demain.
I will-know tomorrow.

I can't eat the apple.
Je ne peux pas manger la pomme.
I can't eat the apple.

I have eaten the apple.
J'ai mangé la pomme.
I-have eaten the apple.

I'm not a 100% sure about my translation and explanations, but it should be good enough and give you a good understanding of what I mean.

So here it is, sorry for this long post, I hope you will find it interesting.
Thank you all in advance for your help with the translation in Polish, and for your answers!

Best regards,

Charlie

The apple is red.
To jabłko jest czerwone.
This apple is red

It's John's apple.
To jabłko Johna
This apple John's

I give John the apple.
Daję to jabłko Johnowi
Give-I this apple to-John

We give him the apple.
Dajemy mu to jabłko
Give-we to-him this apple

He gives it to John.
On daje to Johnowi
He gives this John-to

She gives it to him
Ona mu to daje.
She to-him this gives.

Is the apple red?
(Czy) to jabłko jest czerwone?
(?) this apple is red?
(Czy is called interrogative particle at least in sentences like this one)

The only difference between To jabłko jest czerwone. and To jabłko jest czerwone? lies in the intonation

The apples are red.
Te jabłka są czerwone.
These apples are red.

I must give it to him.
Muszę mu to dać.
I-must to-him this give.

I want to give it to her.
Chcę jej to dać.
I-want to-her this give.

I'm going to know tomorrow.
Będę wiedział jutro.
I-will knew tomorrow.

I can't eat the apple.
Nie mogę zjeść tego jabłka.
Not I-can to-eat-up this apple.

alternatively
Nie mogę jeść tego jabłka.
Not I-can eat this apple.

I haven't eaten the apple.
Nie zajdłem tego jabłka.
Not I-ate-up this apple.

gumishu,

Thank you very much for all this! I'll keep close as a reference, and we will see if this method bears interesting results.
I'll update here if anyone's interested.

Thanks again :-)

Charlie