Law /
U.S. Citizen Moving to Poland - opening business? [36]
1) Will I have to relinquish my US Citizenship in order to operate my own business in Poland?
No, not at all.
2) If no, is it possible to maintain dual citizenship? (The United States recognizes a dual citizenship, does Poland?)
Yes, a lot of people do that. If you have / gain dual citizenship, Poland will recognize you solely as its citizen.
3) Is it a "must" to speak fluent Polish, or will any fluency work?
Depends on what position do you intend on taking.
4) How difficult is it to establish a business in Poland?
Depends on the type of business. Sole proprietorships are quite easy to establish, provided that you're a citizen or permanent resident. LLCs, C companies (their polish counterparts, that is) are a bit more complicated and have to be established through our court registry.
5) What are the steps, that you would recommend, to be taken to establish a business in Poland?
Again, depends greatly on the type of business.
Please also remember, that since you are an American citizen, you are obliged to file taxes with the U.S. IRS no matter where you live and work. If you decide to open a sole proprietorship in Poland, on top of polish social security / medical national premiums, you will have to pay the SE tax in the U.S. To avoid that double taxation, before you start your sole proprietor's business, you need to obtain proper certification from ZUS (or SSA, i don't recall which one atm) in order to present it with your U.S. taxes to be able not to file Schedule SE and pay SE tax on all business earnings.
Good luck!