History / Surveillance in Poland during communism [29]


Careful here, you have no proof here. By repeating the same allegation over and over you won't make it more true and you will start loosing your own credibility.

Life / "Protestant" or Non Catholic communities in Poland [18]

This page lists all lutheran parishes across Poland's Voivodships, luteranie.pl/o_naszym_kosciele.html
Western-Pomeranian: 2 (Koszalin, Szczecin), Pomeranian: 2 (Sopot, Słupsk), Kuiavian-Pomeranian: 6 (Bydgoszcz, Grudziądz, Rypin, Toruń, Włocławek, Lipno)

Life / "Protestant" or Non Catholic communities in Poland [18]

The Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland (Polish: Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confes sion_in_Poland

The official web page of Luterans - Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski (Luterański) w Polsce

luteranie.pl

Kościół Ewangelicko-Reformowany w Polsce

reformowani.pl

Kościół Ewangelicko-metodystyczny

metodysci.pl

History / Surveillance in Poland during communism [29]


The word would be passed around: "watch him, he seems to be from 'spółdzielnia ucho' (The Ear Cooperative)'". They operated also in academic environment, but often in a clumsy way: always at night time in best restaurants, surrounded by "cinkciarze" (cincz many, cieńć many, change money), easy girls and prostitutes, spending money on expensive drinks for themselves, their victims, or potential collaborants. Dormitories actually were not good environments for the informers, because of intimacy of living together. Little details were the tale tellers. Tourist groups (I was a part of one such informal band) were not their hunting grounds either; they were just too lazy for the extensive efforts as it was much easier to find their prey in town.

We had one informer in our class; he was quickly discovered and visibly ostracized. He dropped from the academic courses, has become a visible alcoholic, and then vanished somewhere. I did not know more than two among students in our Math-Phys-Chem faculty, by there were many so-called "eternal students" of Law, and some of them had a reputation of being the informers.

I knew many people studying "zero-perspective" course of studies: archeology, ethnography, history of art. Some of them could not get any job after graduation and decided to work for the militia (this is how police was called then), as experts in various fields. They probably never spied on anybody, but there was a shadow of the doubt following them around.

One such archeologist worked for the Voivod's Office, running the Department of Religion, or whatever it was called. They kept track of all black sheep among the clergy in order to blackmail them and use them for propaganda purposes. That worked both ways: the dirty boys would get apartment for their girlfriends or boyfriends, etc. So he was kind of spy, though he did it openly.

Yes, those were strange times to live. But definitely not as bad as in DDR.

Genealogy / Galetka, Martin - married to an Elizabeth; I believe Klil - last name not sure of [14]

£apsze Wyżne (Slovakian VyÅ¡né LapÅ¡e, Hungarian FelsÅ‘lápos, German Oberlapsch) and £apsze Niżne (Slovakian Nižné LapÅ¡e, Hungarian Alsólápos, German Unterlapsch), together with 12 other villages are part of Polish Spisz - a tiny portion (5%) of historical region Spisz (Latin Scepusium, Slovakian SpiÅ¡, German Zips, Hungarian Szepes), which now belongs to Slovakia (95%).

The Polish Spisz is also known as Zamagurze. Originally part of Great Moravia, then Poland, in middle ages Hungary, and after 1920 it was incorporated to Poland. £apsze Wyżne has its own church and parish (of St. Peter and Paul), with its first records in the parish books (births, marriages, deaths) entered in 1655.

The database "Moi Krewni" (My Relatives) shows no sign of the surnames Galetka or Gelyatka, but it shows a presence of five people named Gelatka - four of them residing in Nowy Targ County, to which Zamagurze (with village £apsze Wyżne) belongs. The same database shows 42 people named Gelata - 28 of them in Nowy Targ County.

Google shows the surname Gelatka in some local records:
- Agata Gelatka listed as a former graduate of the primary school in £apsze Wyżne
- Paulina Gelatka, a student of the primary school in £apsze Wyżne in 2008, a student of grade 3 of junior high school in 2011/2012
- Agata Gelatka, a 4-th grade student of the primary school in £apsze Wyżne in 2010
- In the magazine "Nas Spiszu" (no 4 (73) 2009), tatry.pl/UserFiles/NR73.pdf, there is review of the book "OSEMSTOROĆNE ŻAKOWCE" (800 years of Żakowce), in which Paweł Gelatka was listed in year 1945,

- The same magazine mention WÅ‚adek Gelata as a student of junior high school (2009)
Similar Google search [Gelata £apsze] shows much stronger presence of Gelatas in local records: school records, various sport activities, etc.
So extended family Gelata is doing well in Zamagurze (Polish Spisz).

All the data below is taken from the web page of St. Peter and Paul Parish in £apsze Wyżne, lapsze.saletyni.pl/

Mailing address to St. Peter and Paul Parish in £apsze Wyżne:
Parafia św. Piotra i Pawła
£apsze Wyżne
ul. Kościelna 2
34-442 £apsze Niżne

tel. 018/2659777
e-mail: lapsze@saletyni.pl

They show their account here, so if you want to pay them something for search and retrieval of records of your ancestors you may use that account for that purpose.

Bank Spółdzielczy w Nowym Targu o. Niedzica
Nr konta: 45 8812 0005 0010 0004 9689 0001

^^
I forgot to add that - according to Polish grammar rules - the name Gelatka is a diminutive of Gelata, suggesting an offspring of the latter. The words geleta, geletka, geletek, gelatka came to Polish probably from Slovakia and it means various types of milk pails, of various sizes and shapes, especially those of bulgy or potbellied shapes. Some think that the words came from Greek (kaláthi) - a basket, or some kind of vessel

- Jan Karłowicz, Slownik wyrazow obcego a mniej jasnego pochodzenia: uzywanych w jezyku polskim

Language / niewiarygodny - phonetic pronunciation [5]

^^
As in the adjective "niesamowity", the meaning of "niewiarygodny" has transformed.
Originally, the pair of words (wiarygodny and niewiarygodny) meant:
wiarygodny => godny wiary => trustworthy, credible, reliable
niewiarygodny => untrustworthy, not credible, unreliable

Now:
niewiarygodny => incredible, unbelievable, mind blowing but you can still use it in its original meaning, depending on the context.

Language / how do you pronounce the word niesamowity? [8]

Act


Actually the answer is not as simple, as you were led to believe, because - irrespective of the gender - the adjectives niesamowity, niesamowita and niesamowite may have several meanings: the original one, and then the transformed one. [The word "niewiarygodny", which you are tracking in another thread, follows the similar process.]

Since the adjective "nie-samowity" starts with the negation "nie" the question is: is there a word "samowity"? Well, not in the current use, but it existed in Old Polish and its etymology is somewhat related to the word "sam" and the verbs "widzieć" or "wiedzieć", which are - by the way - also related, not only in Slavic languages. With rough approximation the word "samowity" derives from "samo-wit' ", "samo-widzieć", "samemu widzieć". I would not be surprised if the modern fashionable "samowiedza" had the same root. In any event "Opowieści samowite" by Wojciech Kuszczok might be worth to read in order to explore the concept.

The last dictionary of Polish language, which still carried the definition of adjective "samowity", was "Słownik języka polskiego" PWN 1958-1969, edited by W. Doroszewski. "Samowity" was defined as "naturalny, przyrodzony" - natural, innate.

So, in opposition to that the adjective "niesamowity" would mean "weird, unnatural, eery, uncanny". And that's the basic meaning in all three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter.

It might be worth pointing out that German language has similar pair of adjectives, although their meanings do not map exactly to Polish, which is due to different historical culture involving vampires and all that stuff:

heimliche => tajemny, skryty, sekretny, tajny, ukryty
unheimliche => niesamowity, przedziwny, tajemniczy, straszny, złowieszczy

As I already pointed out, meaning of the words change. As the English word "terrific" has transformed from "frightening, fearsome, horrible" to become "great, wonderful and splendid" so the Polish "niesamowity" became "amazing".

Life / Poland and every aspect..... Please help me learn and understand the realities? [108]

Great. This is what I expected from you. :-)

Genealogy / Hahn, Macieg - Looking for Mothers Relatives [5]


If I were you I would not count on a possibility that her sister Maria speaks English. Maybe her children or grandchildren do, if she has some. But why don't you try a regular mail for the first contact? Air mail should take less than a week to go there (I assume you are in US). You can write it in Polish or English or both and I am sure someone could help you to write it in Polish. But even if you write it in English they should be able to find somebody in this town of population 40,000 who could translate it to them. In the letter you could set up other contacts possible. You did not say how old she was; she might be dead by now, she might be very frail, etc. Or she might be all dandy, you never know.

Problem is, your mail address is incomplete and only partially correct. You missed the street and appartment number, and the street name was wrong. The corrected address follows

Maria Cudek
ul. Åšniadeckiego street-number-here m. optional-apartment-number-here
32-600 Oświęcim
POLSKA

^^
In my previous post I was assuming that you in fact have the complete street and apartment number to Maria Cudak, but you just did not post it here for whatever reason. I also knew that the street name you posted was wrong because "ul. Snioleckiego" street does not exist in that town. But "ul. Śniadeckiego" (Śniadecki's Street, with S acute) do exists there - and this is the closest matching name - in downtown Oświęcim. The postal code was correct - as this is the same code for the entire town. [It seems useless but even in this fragmentary form this simplifies the letter addressing, since you do not need to specify a county and a voivodship.]

But just in case you in fact lost the street and apartment numbers to Maria Cudak you can retrieve this information by contacting an appropriate office in Oświęcim Town Hall. The procedure is like this:

+ You fill an application form requesting specific data about Maria Cudak and providing your own contact data and optionally data of your proxy person in Poland. There is a space where you suppose to justify your request. The sample of the form to fill is here in Polish

web.um.oswiecim.pl/bip/dokumenty/pliki/26/3080.pdf

+ You (or rather your proxy) pay 17 złoty for the certificate or just a written statement from the office and 31 zloty for the access to individual data.

+ If Maria Cudak is alive and willing to provide you with her full adress then you will get the certificate with her address. Otherwise the office will notify you about her refusal, etc.

They are required by law to provide you with the answer within one month from the day of your application.
This procedure is part of the national program for protection of private information. It is described in Polish on this page
web.um.oswiecim.pl/oswiecim/umosw/index_jak_zalatwic.php?tryb=sprawa&id=43
At the top there are names and phone numbers of persons competent for providing you with such information and dealing with such cases.

The name of the office is: Wydział Spraw Obywatelskich (SO) [Department of Civil Affairs] .

web.um.oswiecim.pl/oswiecim/?q=content/wydzial-spraw-obywatelskich-so
Here is a page with all officials from this department, including their email addresses. This gives you an opportunity to write an email directly to the Head of the department (Fijałkowska), or to any of the four ladies mentioned on the other page and qualified for providing you with any related information: Beata Franiczek, Agata Klęczar, Anna Latko, Bogusława Wądrzyk. Claiming ignorance you might be able to cut the red tape a bit and speed up the process. They are not required to provide you with Maria Cudak's phone number, but - who knows - they might just do you such a favour.

Life / Poland and every aspect..... Please help me learn and understand the realities? [108]


Don't take me wrong, p3undone, but you are approaching your selected subjects here in an impatient American way, in the apparent rush to get the quick answers. Unfortunately, this invites shallow answers - even though given in good faith, but it unfortunately does not teach you anything of value. So what do you now know about early Piasts?

You were shortly told about one succesfull and cunning dynasty (of Piasts) taking over power from other families. You were also told of a bunch of semi-legendary predecessors of Mieszko I. And that's more or less it.

But since you never asked about it you were not told about other very important issues:
+ Relationships with Western Slavs, German margraves and Holy Roman emperors
+ Relationships with Czechs and Kievian Rus - winning and loosing control over lesser of greater pieces of land
+ Role of the Church in tempering the ruler's absolutism - as opposed to Byzantine caesaropapism further east
+ Continuous internal power struggle and various revolts. Family feuds: assassinations, exiles, mutiliations, blindings, poisonings ...
+ Continuous alternate regional breakdowns and unifications of Greater Poland and Lesser Poland until the last of Piasts. Complete separation of Silesia, Pomerania and Masovia and subjugation the first two of those provinces to Bohemia and German margraves. (Masovia joined Poland quite late)


If you want an academic understanding of basic issues why don't you ask us about good sources for all of this. You already got one such suggestion - Jasienica. I am sure everyone has their own one. I found something concise and readable: Cambridge Concise Histories: A Concise History of Poland, Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki

Available in Chapters.Indigo and Amazon but there is also part of it available online: 30 pages or so, covers Piast Poland, slavia.org/drawsko_history_1.pdf

Travel / Poland in photo riddles [3134]


A man in your position certainly should. That reminds me my first boss, an old professor, who insisted on having his audiences no larger than 70 students or so. Especially for him the first year student classes were split into two groups; he gave lectures to the first one on Wednesdays and I repeated it on Fridays to the other students. I was just an assistant trainee at that time. And guess who was conducting examinations at the end of the year? Both, evenly: he examined the first 20, I only slaved with the remaining 130. :-). And then there were first year students from three faculties to handle ...

Language / Do twoja kieszeni odkładaj koki! - am I saying it right? [8]


Rybnik is almost right and Yaskier is 99% right.

But I am going to tell you why your version was wrong.
The sentence is in imperative, so it should start with a verb. Your reordering was unusual to say the least; location in Polish is usually put at the end of a sentence, as in "Idę do szkoły", and not "Do szkoły idę". There is nothing particularly wrong with the latter though, as Polish is flexible in this respect - as Latin is. So the first correction would lead to:

"Odkladaj koki do twoja kieszenia"

The next big change: You would normally use the perfective form of a verb if your 'command' stresses the completion of the action, and the imperfective form if the command stresses the actual activity. So here you should use perfective "odłóż" (from odłożyć) rather than imperfective "odkładaj" (from odkładać):

"Odłóż koki do twoja kieszenia".

The noun "koka" should be used here in accusative case "kokÄ™", rather than genetive "koki".
"Odłóż kokę do twoja kieszenia".

The noun "kieszeń" has a feminine form; the locative case is therefore "kieszeni" (not masculine "kieszenia"). Similarly the pronoun "twój" should agree with "kieszeń" declension-wise - "twojej kieszeni", not "twoja kieszenia":

"Odłóż kokę do twojej kieszeni".

One more tiny correction: it is better to use "swój" rather than "twój" here. See the thread Use of swoj.

"Odłóż kokę do swojej kieszeni".

Now we get a grammatically correct sentence, but still not quite perfect.
The pronoun "swojej" is redundant here, as there is clear from the context whose pocket we have in mind.
"Odłóż kokę do kieszeni".

The verb "odłożyć" implicates putting something aside rather than inside. "Odłóż to na chwilę (na potem)"; "odłóż to na bok". The correct version of this verb here is "włóż".

"Włóż kokę do kieszeni".

Finally, Rybnik and Yaskier correctly used another verb "schowaj" (rather than "włóż), which means "to hide".
"Schowaj kokÄ™ do kieszeni".

You could emphasize this sentence a bit, depending on your intent.

"Schowaj tÄ™ swojÄ… kokÄ™ do kieszeni" - in a sense "go away, I do not need it, I do not want anything to do with it"

Language / "bibshite" Is this is an actual polish phrase and if so what does it mean? [25]


Emma, we are all having a bit of fun here, because we all came to a common agreement that your "little Polish angel" does in fact curses you - "fuck off" would be a good approximation what he says. Instead of guessing what this little devil did or did not say, just record that damn expression and confront his parents with it. Unfortunately, the reactions might vary: from a hostile atitude to a big feeling of shame.

Language / "bibshite" Is this is an actual polish phrase and if so what does it mean? [25]


It sounds "pieprzysz" to me. :-)

News / There's still hope for Poland! [19]


The what of history? Just to make sure that you will never run out of synonyms for this beautiful expression here is quite a collection of those:

trash heap of history, dust heap of history, ash heap of history, trash can of history, dust bin of history, scrap heap of history, rubbish heap of history, dust pile of history, dung heap of history .


You once again demonstrated so clearly your ties to the communist "mowa-trawa" claptrap.
/wiki/Ash_heap_of_history

News / There's still hope for Poland! [19]

September 14 - another milestone on the difficult road of building the Fourth Republic Minus Ziobro, dreamt of by dozens of generations of true patriots and Righteous Poles: a leading intellectual, a prominent fighter and spokesman for the Resistance Movement, Adam Hofman, daringly announces on the pages of the portal wp.pl that there is a chance for Provisional Occupational Government soon to be removed from power, because PiS has entered into an unprecedented historic coalition with the Parliamentary Toilet, where "it is enough for someone to get locked in The Parliamentary Toilet in order to assure a shadow of a chance for a nonpartisan prime minister."

Travel / PTTKs (Beskidy Red route) [6]


Here are some facts. All shelters take reservation, some only by phone (especially in summer season), some by email. Some take a non-refundable advance. You will find all the details in the attached links, but only in Polish.

Here are some details in English, which I translated for you.

Maciejowa PTTK Shelter
maciejowa.pl
Prices:
- 30 zloty/person in a multi-person room.
- 35 zloty/person in a two-person room
- bedsheets extra 10 zloty, but only with earlier reservation
- 10 zloty/person in your tent
Snacks (barszcz, pierogi, about 10 dishes) and drinks available

Stare Wierchy PTTK Shelter
stare-wierchy.pl
Following rooms available: one 7-persons room, one 5-persons room, two 4-persons rooms, one 3-persons room, one 2-persons room
- 30 zloty/person with bedding
- 25 zloty/person without bedding
- 10 zloty/person on the floor
- 8 zloty/person in your own tent
Food: ranging from 5 zloty (soup of the day) to 30 zloty (fried trout)

Turbacz PTTK Shelter
turbacz.net
110 sleeping spaces in 2-,3-,4-,6- and multi-person rooms. 3bedroom apartment with kitchen and bathroom. Tent area. Buffet and cafe.
- 40 zloty/person - 2 beds rooms
- 36 zloty/person - 3-4 beds
- 32 zloty/person - 5-7 beds
- 26 zloty/person - 8-12 beds
- 15 zloty/person on the floor (dining room or recreation room) - but only in emergency, if no beds in rooms are available
- 8 zloty/person - in your own tent
Pictures show beds with bedding
Restaurant: soups 5-9 zloty, snacks 4-6, main diner 10-22, drinks and alcohol

Trzy Korony PTTK Shelter
meteor-turystyka.pl/schronisko-trzykorony,sromowce-nizne.html

Services in English
- 94 zloty/room, 2-persons rooms, 6 available
- 126 zloty/room, 3-persons rooms, 7 available
- 148 zloty/room, 4-persons rooms, 3 available
- 36/person, 5-persons room, 1 room available
Pictures show beds with bedding and private bathrooms. You can check room availability online as well as make the reservation
Restaurant and cafe. Menu - 30 dishes. Diner - 12 zloty. Home cooking. Breakfast + lunch + supper - 41 zloty

History / The beginning of the Polish state [11]

Translated from:
archeologia.com.pl/index.php/artykuly/120-mieszko-nie-byl-wikingiem

History / The beginning of the Polish state [11]

There are however archeological findings of Viking graves in Poland, such as this in Bodzia, near Włocławek: antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/buko330/

The theories that Mieszko I was a Viking (Dagome iudex, 1087, at Vatican library) are highly disputed, but very few disagree that Mieszko's military unit (bodygards) were actually Vikings. In the ancient cemetery in Lutomiersk near Pabianice, there are 133 graves with axes, spearheads and swords - all characterized by Scandinavian design.

Ibrahim ibn Jakub, an Arabic traveller, estimated the size of Mieszko's military unit at 3000 armoured braves - generally unconditionally recognized as Normans.

Genealogy / Coats of arms of Polish cities [51]

STATEMENT [translated from ustka.pl/new/index.php?fm=resident&fp=artykul&id=960]

President of the City Council and Mayor of City of Ustka strongly condemn the unprecedented act of vandalism, which was the destruction of Ustka's Mermaid statue.

Given the fact that the City Council agreed to forward the money to build the pedestal, and the statue was erected with the help and involvement of the entire community of Ustka, we believe that the law enforcement should explain, as soon as possible, the circumstances of this event - so upsetting the public. We hope that the perpetrators of the destruction of the monument will be quickly identified and will suffer the consequences under the law.

President of City Council, Adam Brzóska
Mayor of Ustka, Jan Olech

• 
  ustkasyrenka.jpg
  

Language / Best way to form the future tense? [będę + inf] OR [będę + past.3rd.sin] - Polish language questions [5]


Oh? That's news for me. I have never heard about it and Polish is my native language.

Both forms are correct. Run a little google test:
będę jadł => 84,800
będę jadła => 68,800
będę jeść => 58,100

Language / Best way to form the future tense? [będę + inf] OR [będę + past.3rd.sin] - Polish language questions [5]


No, 'zjem' is a completely different grammatical form than 'będę jadł'. Search this forum for "aspect" - perfective aspect (zjem) vs. imperfective aspect (bedę jadł). There are several threads about it, which should be helpful.

Genealogy / Coats of arms of Polish cities [51]


Since, according to your source, Bochotnica lies 22 km from Nałęczów and my source claims that Bochotnica is one of the six parts ("sołectwo") of the Gmina Nałeczów and also that Nałęczów was originally known as Bochotnica the inquiring minds deserve clarification of this issue. After consulting Uncle Google Maps we can authoritatively confirm that there are two Bochotnicas: the one at the mouth (1 km away) of river Bystra, right tributary of Vistula, and another a part of Nałęczów. They are exactly 21.4 km apart, 28 minutes by road.

There is also a village Bochotnica-Kolonia, on east side of Gmina Nałęczów, which was once a colony of the village Bochotnica, previously known as Wielka (Great), Górna (Upper) or Kościelna (Church). The latter is now part of Nałęczów. They are 1.9 km appart by road.

Bochotnica on Bystra was once known as Bochotnica Mała (Small). Both places lied once on river Bochotniczanka. The latter is still known as Bochotniczanka stream within Nałęczów, but it soon flows into river Bystra, which then joins Vistula river.

Genealogy / Coats of arms of Polish cities [51]

...
Sam święty Jerzy, siostry,
przygłądał się i dziwił:
"Ho, ho, nasz anioł Paweł
bije się jak Radziwiłł.
Dobrodziej też by chwalił,
lecz właśnie śpi w obłokach".
Tak mówił święty Jerzy
i dalej męczył smoka...
- K.I. Gałczyński, Ballada o Trzech Wesołych Aniołach, fragmencik

Even San Georgio, my sisters,
Watched him in sheer delight,
"Ho, ho, our Angelo Paolo
He knows quite well how to fight.
The Boss would also praised him,
but he is on the wagon"
So said Saint George, my sisters,
Further tormenting the dragon ...

• 
  Bia³a Podlaska: St. Michael tormenting the dragon
  
• 
  Dzier¿oniów: St. George tormenting the dragon
  

Genealogy / Coats of arms of Polish cities [51]

Bełchatów

• 
  belchatow.jpg
  

Genealogy / Coats of arms of Polish cities [51]


Often English sources are not complete or satisfactory ...
From Polish wikipedia: The former village Bochotnica was renamed Nałęczów by Stanisław Małachowski in 1772 but the spa itself was established by the next owner of Nałęczów, Michał Górski, sometimes after 1863. Nałeczów became a town not until 1963.

Genealogy / What does Germanised mean? [29]

^
Check this first, then ask if you have any questions:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanisation

Genealogy / Coats of arms of Polish cities [51]

A brine is pumped from the underground source up to the top of the tower (actually more like a Great Chinese Wall) to special throughs. Next it is filtered along the walls constructed with big poles of oak, spruce and pine, and filled with blackthorn branches. Due to the wind and the sun action, the water evaporates on the blackthorn - creating a microclimate rich in iodine, sodium, chlorine, bromine for people to enjoy therapeutic inhalation there.

But it is also used during the multi-stage process of brine concentration from where it is pumped to the salt plant, where salt, mud and medicinal lye are produced.

Language / What is the proper term for Gesundheit ? [7]

Do you remember that old joke, strzyga?
A meeting of Central Committee of Communist Party. Stalin reads his speech. Someone sneezes loudly. Stalin stops, looks around. Everyone trembles. [Polish transliteration of Russian sentences follows]

- Kto czichnuł?
- Kto czichnuł?
- Kto czichnuł?
- Eto ja, towariszcz Stalin.
- Nu, zdarowja żełaju, comrade!

Genealogy / Coats of arms of Polish cities [51]

This is the biggest one in Poland, made of three walls of the total length of 1741 m and the height of 15m. Built in 19th c.

There is also a much smaller one in Inowrocław: 300m x 9m. Built in 2001
And finally there is a tiny one in GrudziÄ…dz: in a form of a sigle 9 m pillar under a glass pyramidal roof.