Language /
Why in the world there are three ways to write simple U ?!?! [54]
Well, let me correct you if I may. Ó and u are pronounced in the same way through linguistic evolution, e.g bułki and gówno. Although I haven't considered all the words with such combinations, I would conjecture that ó is followed by a solid consonant whereas u by a weak sound like ł, e.g kułka, bułka and pierdułka.
£ is a different sound, like the English W.
As for SH, it can be SZ or Ś, not the others. Ż and RZ can be complicated but it comes through practising it, e.g może to morze
Kraków is not read Krakuv at all, Krakoov if anything.
Turku is toorku
Śie doesn't exist, się does