Genealogy / Lublin - Looking for Klepacki - Klepadlo - Klepackzi - Blaschik - etc Ancestors [18]

These is the quintessential information. Without it you would not go anywhere in Poland's archives. Now you have at least the starting points for your searches in Poland.

1. Stanisława Błaszczyk, born in KALISZ, Wielkopolska Voivodship (Greater Poland Province), 1889-05-08
German spelling: Kalisch, Poznan Provinz, Prussia

2. Zygmunt Klepacki, born in Krasnopol, 1879-06-08
Krasnopol comes from the combination of words "krasny" (lovely, colourful, red) + pol (from Greek "polis", a city).
However, here are some ambiguities, since there are, or were in the past, several places of this name in former Poland. I know of at least three, and there were possibly some more:

a. Krasnopol (old name), now Niżankowice (ukr. Нижанковичі), region Stary Sambor, Lwów (Lviv) Province,
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%BCankowice_(Ukraina)
b. Krasnopol, Żytomierz Province, Ukraine
c. Krasnopol, gmina Krasnopol, Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodship, NE Poland.
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnopol_(wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie)

The surname Klepacki (fem. Klepacka) is quote popular in Podlaskie Voivodship. See this map moikrewni.pl/mapa/kompletny/klepacki.html and pay attention to red colours there.

One old fragmentary database shows 50 Klepackis born between 1800 and 1885 in that province; particularly in Rajgród, Suwałki,Trzcianne and Tykocin but none of them are particularly related to Krasnopol. Go here geneteka.genealodzy.pl , select "Podlaskie", type in Klepacki surname, the range of years to search, number or records per page (50, say), and type of the record: all, births, marriages, deaths.

Another database, related to family WIELKA, has an index of marriages from Krasnopol between 1808 and 1877. It shows one record related to Klepacki:
1847-01-09, Tomasz Klepacki married Leonarda Mochniewicz in Krasnopol

Without much of the search, I can only assume, that whatever data is available from this region - which was not burnt or damaged otherwise - is now in the archives of Suwałki:

Archiwum Państwowe w Suwałkach, ul. T. Kościuszki 69,
16-400 Suwałki, tel./fax 87 566 21 67,
e-mail: archiwum@suwalki.ap.gov.pl
So at one point you may want to contact them for search and retrieval of birth certificate of Zygmunt Klepacki. This would give you a confirmation of his birth, as well as the names of his parents. The service would cost you few bucks/ hour for search (maximum 10 hours) plus few bucks per printed copy.

Genealogy / Lublin - Looking for Klepacki - Klepadlo - Klepackzi - Blaschik - etc Ancestors [18]


Many people are getting too sensitive while being corrected in Polish spelling of first names and surnames of their ancestors. Some of them got visibly angry. You have to realize that nobody here really cares how do you spell your names or names of your grandfathers in America, Canada or Australia. But you need to be reminded that you will not get anywhere far in Poland and Polish archives with your made up Americanized names. That's why you are being corrected, not for some perverse pleasure of some sort.

That's said, I already explained it to you: both forms Siegmund (alt. Sigmund) and Zygmunt are correct. The former is German, the latter is Polish spelling. They all came from the name Sigismund - a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German sigu "victory" + munt "hand, protection".

Many European nobles and several Polish Kings wore this name:
Sigismund I the Old (1467–1548), King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania => Polish spelling: Zygmunt I Stary
Sigismund II Augustus (1520–1572), King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania => Polish spelling: Zygmunt II August
Sigismund III Vasa (1566–1632), King of Sweden (as Sigismund) and Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania => Polish spelling: Zygmunt III Waza

The Royal Sigismund Bell (Polish: Królewski Dzwon Zygmunt or Dzwon Zygmunta) is the largest of the five bells hanging in the Sigismund Tower of the Wawel Cathedral in the Polish city of Kraków. It was cast in 1520 by Hans Behem and named after its patron, Sigismund I, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, who commissioned it.


As I explained above - there is no right or wrong when choosing between Siegmund and Zygmunt. Some Polish parishes use Latinized first names and I would not be surprised to see Polish birth certificates with the names like Sigismund.

However, the ZYGMONT is a name made up by the American authorities. I know that many people use it over there - probably because the MONT is a familiar sound, close to MOUNT, or something?

Language / i don't understand this, "rozmawianO" and "pitO"? [18]

Both the above explanations concentrate on the first of the two impersonal forms ending with -no or -to. It is used in past tense: zrobio-no, umy-to, widzia-no, zobaczo-no.

There is however the second important form with -no and -to endings: the subjunctive form, such as zrobio-no by, widzia-no by, umy-to by. And this seems to be the gist of the OP's question, since he provides the following two examples in subjunctive form:

"Rozmawiano by ze mną"
"Pito by za moje zdrowie"

Both forms can be used in compound sequences, such as these second conditional sentences:
Gdyby mnie lubiano, pito by za moje zdrowie... i pito by i pito by ... ad nauseum.
[simple past impersonal form, followed by subjunctive impersonal form, imperfective aspect]

If I was liked my health would be toasted (and toasted and toasted).

Gdyby mnie zauważono, wypito by za moje zdrowie.
If I was noticed my health would be toasted [toasted once only. Here the perfective aspect is used in subjective impersonal form wypito by]

Evidently both perfective and imperfective forms can be used with subjunctive impersonal forms:
pito by
wypito by
rozmawiano by
porozmawiano by

The forms -no and -to can be replaced by the passive voice - as long as the verb is transitive:
widziano to ==> to było widziane [imperfective aspect]
widziano mnie => byłem widziany [imperfective aspect]

zuważono to => to zostało zauważone [perfective aspect]
zauważono mnie ==> zostałem zauważony [perfective aspect]

Many non-transitive verbs, however, make impersonal forms -no or -to, but yet do not form the corresponding passive voice
chodzono ==> no corresponding passive voice
płakano ==> no passive voice

History / Polish relation about Russians, Ukrainians? [281]

For me he is like a naive little kid, full of a propaganda stuff, and knowing nothing about his own history. As I said before, I am all for reconciliation, but for god sake, please spare me all this propaganda. I have had enough of it in my life.

History / Polish relation about Russians, Ukrainians? [281]


They did. Exactly, as you said.
Read this, version nr 1:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Ukrainian_Independence,_1941
Version nr 2 (my translation from a written source):


Same as here, in both Polish and Ukrainian:
dictionnaire.sensagent.com/akt+odnowienia+pa%C5%84stwa+ukrai%C5%84skiego/pl-pl

Another version of this proclamation, to which Ukrainians admit more willingly, proclaims the capitol to be in Kiev and creation of the national-revolutionary arm forces, which will fight for the Sovereign Councliar Ukrainian State. The fragment about Hitler and its heroic German Army is no longer there, and it is directly signed by Jarosław Stec'ko. It ends as follows:

"Long live the Sovereign Counciliar Ukrainian State! Long live the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalist! Long live the Leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Stepan Bandera!

The City of Lion, June 30, 1941, 2000 hours.
Jaroslav Stec'ko. President of the National Assembly.

However, Stec'ko's fait accompli policy against Hitler has failed. The humilation was horrible. Not only the hope for the Sovereign Councliar Ukrainian State was squashed, but also the lands where it supposed to be created have become divided, treating the Eastern Galicia, as in during the Austrian times, as lands taken from Poland. What's worse the capital of this lieutenancy, run by the governer Hans Frank, has been set in Krakow - not in Lviv, as in the times of Franz-Josef. It was hard on Ukrainians. The border on the San river was also abandoned. All notices were printed in three languages.


I do not care to go into details of my private affairs. I gave you the PUBLIC source documenting atrocities committed in 502 villages and towns. Village by village. Read just the first few pages. You might find them eye opening.

History / Polish relation about Russians, Ukrainians? [281]


And yet you come here and teach us your state propaganda.


Simple. This was the ethnic cleansing ordered by one faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) to prepare the land for the future Free Ukraine. In Wołyń (Wolhynia) the order was simple: KILL THEM. In Galicia the standing order was TO SCARE THEM first and if that would not work then KILL THEM.

Look, part of my family came from Kresy but I have nothing against Ukrainians, even though some of my family terribly suffered through some of them. But past is past and I am glad that Ukrainians have their independence at last, and possibly true democracy in the future. But history is history and one cannot built relationships among peoples based on lies. I have seen many books written by both sides, exaggerating the losses and tragedies, or white washing the tragic events. In Toronto, where I live, the local bookstores perpetuate the hatred ad infinitum since there are big Ukrainian and Polish communities here. I usually stay away from those propaganda books, and I hope most Poles and Ukrainians do the same. Personally, I have not observed any antipathy or aversion among the groups. In contrary, many Ukrainians gain employment through Polish bosses or vice versa.

So I found it interesting to see a quite balanced book "Kresowa Księga Sprawiedliwych 1939-1945" about Ukrainians saving Poles subjected to extermination by OUN and UPA. This is a compilation from records (including IPN) by Romuald Niedzielko. I am attaching a summary from his book showing documented murders of Poles across several Voivodships, as well as actions of some Ukrainians attempting to save some of their Polish neighbours and often suffering because of it.

Headers

- VOI Voivodship
- PLC # Places
- KIL # Poles Killed
- ACT # Acts of Ukrainian help
- SAV # Poles saved by Ukrainians
- HUT # Ukrainian helpers total
- HUN # Ukrainian helpers known by name
- HUM # Ukrainian helpers murdered by UPA for helping Poles

Statistics of help given by Ukrainians to Poles

- [(VOI Wolyń ) (PLC 255) (KIL 11,006) (ACT 493) (SAV 1806) (HUT 794) (HUN 530) (HUM 189)]
- [(VOI Polesie) (PLC 3) (KIL 200) (ACT 5) (SAV 8) (HUT 4) (HUN 2) (HUM 0)]
- [(VOI Tarnopol) (PLC 144) (KIL 6751) (ACT 245) (SAV 417) (HUT 336) (HUN 209) (HUM 120)]
- [(VOI Lwów) (PLC 34) (KIL 357) (ACT 56) (SAV 116) (HUT 67) (HUN 55) (HUM 18)]
- [(VOI Stanisławów) (PLC 39) (KIL 270) (ACT 55) (SAV 95) (HUT 85) (HUN 57) (HUM 29)]
- [(VOI Rzeszów) (PLC 18) (KIL 90) (ACT 19) (SAV 23) ((HUT 42) (HUN 33) (HUM 24)]
- [(VOI Lublin) (PLC 9) (KIL 155) (ACT 9) (SAV 62) (HUT 13) (HUN 10) (HUM 4)]
- [(TOTAL) (PLC 502) (KIL 18,829) (ACT 882) (SAV 2527) (HUT 1341) (HUN 896) (HUM 384)]

The actual numbers are estimated as high as ten times the documented numbers in that book. The book is accessible from here:

nawolyniu.pl/sprawiedliwi/sprawiedliwi.pdf

News / First female Polish Mig-29 pilot [8]


Janina Levandowska (1908-1940 Katyń)
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina_Lewandowska

There is a controversy as to whether she was a military or civilian pilot and whether her rank--Second Lieutenant--was real.
But she was posthumously promoted to the rank of Lieutenant by Minister of National Defense on Oct 5, 2007.

History / Polish relation about Russians, Ukrainians? [281]

One of the methods of measuring the linguistic distance between Polish and other Slavic languages is based on phonetic similarities. The data was collected by calculating frequency of occurrence of certain speech sound chains of consonants and vowels, which included nine basic phonemic patterns typical for Polish: labial, apical, palatal, guttural, sonorant, occlusive, fricative, voiced and vowels. This is a work of Yuri Tambovtsev, from Novosibirsk Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk,

hss.fullerton.edu/linguistics/cln/SP10PDF/Tamb-Polish.pdf

There are probably many other linguistic distance measures. I am not particularly supporting this point of view but since it seems reasonably interesting I decided to demonstrate one of the tables taken from that work:

Distances between Polish and other languages
The ordered distance series (TMB coefficient) between Polish and the other Slavonic languages on the basis of the nine phonetic features is the following:
Polish - Czech (9.32)
Polish - Slovak (11.99)
Polish - Sorbian (15.60)
Polish - Belarusian (17.11)
Polish - Ukrainian (23.72)
Polish - Russian (24.99)
Polish - Slovene (25.46)
Polish - Old Russian (30.54)
Polish - Serbo-Croatian (34.81)
Polish - Bulgarian (53.60)
Polish - Macedonian (66.29)

Food / Polish roast pigeon anyone? [17]


True. Definitely not the dirty city pigeons.


But there is this Polish saying: "pieczone gołąbki nie lecą same do gąbki" (roasted pigeons do not fly into your mouth by themselves), which means "nothing in life comes easy, with no action". Evidently roasted pigeons used to be known as a delicious dish - considering that they have been elevated to the proverb level.


Some are very elaborate, such as roasted pigeons served in special sauce made of pigeon (or chicken) liver, white wine, beef bullion, butter, juniper, salt, pepper, lemon.

Some are rather simple, but they all have something in common: they need spiking them with lard of wrapping them in slices of bacon. The roasting time differs: from 20 minutes (220 C) to one hour.

Some call for 24 simple marinade: water, onions, spices, vinegar.
Other recipes suggest rubbing them first with salt, pepper, garlic, oil and herbs (juniper, thyme, rosemary), and letting them soak the aroma for several hours before roasting. Either way, make sure to pour butter, water, or broth over them during roasting.

If you hunt them yourself make sure to select only the young pigeons for roasting because the old ones are usually tough. Breast meat of young pidgeons is white, while old ones - purplish blue. Pluck them carefully so that the skin is not torn. Put them into cold water for two hours right after shooting, then gut and clean them.

You can serve them with lettuce, blueberries, red cabbage (warm of cold), and treat yourself to dumplings topped with mushroom sauce. Silesian "black" dumplings (made of potato and potato flower) is a good example of "kluski" for this meal.

[Red cabbage: shred, cook until soft, mix apple, onions, spices and vinegar, pour some bacon or lard fat ]

Language / When would one use nowy and when would he use nowego? [23]

We call it book reading.
Seriously, this is how the patterns sink in. Although I have received a solid foundation in grammar and spelling in my primary school it was through novels I read that I gained my language confidence and quite extensive vocabulary.

Language / When would one use nowy and when would he use nowego? [23]

Lyzko, you are a nice guy, and we all try to protect you and give you credits for your valiant efforts. But "artyścia"? Where on earth did you get it from?

n. artyst-a artyści
g. artyst-y artyst-ów
d. artyś-cie artyst-om
a. artyst-ę artyst-ów
i. artyst-ą artyst-ami
l. artyś-cie artyst-ach
v. artyst-o! artyści!

Genealogy / Is it Likely One of My Polish Ancestors Did Some Funny Business With a Bulgarian? [16]


Why are you so angry? Just learn some basic facts - maybe from here: /wiki/Bulgarians

Language / Stworzyć and Utworzyć [14]


It was created to form a space.

It is easy to memorize, using this verb => noun pattern
stworzyć => stwór
utworzyć => utwór

Language / Stworzyć and Utworzyć [14]


Actually, there is a difference. See Słownik języka Polskiego PWN,
sjp.pwn.pl/szukaj/utworzy%C4%87
sjp.pwn.pl/szukaj/stworzy%C4%87

Genealogy / Is it Likely One of My Polish Ancestors Did Some Funny Business With a Bulgarian? [16]


One explanation could involve Tatars, who are partial descendents from Volga Bulgars.

So when you say "Bulgarian chromosome segment" what do you mean: Slavic, Turkish, Mongolian?


David_18, please name at least one Polish "richer folk" travelling to Bulgaria for vacation in 18th century. I can easily imagine and actually dig out names of many Polish aristocrats and nobility travelling to France, Greece and Italy for pleasure, others travelling to Western Europe for business of for education, but I somehow do not see Polish travellers resting in Bulgarian Black Sea resorts in 1700s. I am not taunting you; I am just curious. If you prove me wrong, then I will be happy learning my lesson for free. But since you said it, the onus is on you to support your claim now. :-)

I bet, more Poles travelled to Turkey proper (of Ottoman Empire) than to Bulgaria over the centuries: as envoys, diplomats, spies, merchants and romantic figures of The Great Emmigration dreaming of restoration of Poland with the help of the ancient enemy - Turkey: Mickiewicz (died in Istanbul), Słowacki, genaral Józef Bem (later known as Murad Pasha, Murat Pasa, Yusuf Paşa), Michał Czajkowski (Mehmed Sadyk Pasa), general Marian Langiewicz. The existence of Polish village Adampol-Polonezköy (30 km west from Istanbul, on Asian side of Bosphorus Straight) says something too about strong Polish-Turkish relations in 19th c.


There is the old saying in Polish: "Gdzie Rzym, a gdzie Krym?" - in other words, "this two things/ideas are not related at all".

The topic was: Polish Bulgarian contacts. Statistically one cannot deny presence of Bulgarians in Crimea. And yes, Poles tradesmen were always present in Crimea in small numbers during middle ages, in places like Caffa (Kaffa, Kefe, orig. Greek's Theodosia, now Feodosiya), Soldaia (Sudaq, now Sudak), Lusta (Alushta), Caulita (Yalta) or Cembalo (Balaklava).

They were part of European colonies on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula, initially run by Venetians and later by their arc-enemies Genoese (since 1365) - embedded in the sea of Crimean Tatars, to whom they paid annual tribute. In 1462 Caffa placed itself under the protection of King Casimir IV of Poland. However, Poland did not offer help when real danger came. It all end up in 1475, when Ottommans captured all the outposts. They killed most of non-Italian Europeans (including Poles) or took them into captivity for a ransom, and deported the rest of the population to Istanbul. Italians were sent to Genoa, after paying hefty ransom.

As far as I know, aside of the Varna Battle, which I mentioned in my previous post, Poland was never directly involved in Bulgarian affairs. However, Poland and later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth messed with the Moldovian affairs, and through the Moldovian Hospodars (Poland's Fiefs since 1387) extended its posession as far south as Białogród (White Stronghold) na Dniestrem (Akerman, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovs'kyi - Ukraine), on Dniester Lagoon, about 20 km NW from the Black Sea coast. When the town was captured in 1484 by the Ottomans its name was changed to Akerman, meaning "white fortress".

Then there were Vlachs/Romanias (Wallachians), Wołosi in Polish. And there were plenty of contacts with them. Great Wallachian migration brought Karpathian shepherds to Poland, Wallachian soldiers served in Polish armies, and PLC was involved in wars with Principality of Wallachia (1599, 1629-21, 1633-34, 1599-1600, 1620-21, 1633-34). In many of those battles the Wallachians were the allies of the Ottomans. So was Moldavia from time to time.

Language / When would one use nowy and when would he use nowego? [23]


-LA

News / Przemysław Gintrowski died.... [8]

"These were the songs that gave us courage and strength to act. This was our form of protest against sad reality of PRL" - said Krzysztof Kwiatkowski in the TVN24 program "Kawa na ławę". This is how he recalled singer and composer Przemyslaw Gintrowski who died last Saturday. Another guest of Bogdan Rymanowski, Jacek Kurski, sang to the sounds of the guitar one of the artist's songs.

Not bad, not bad at all.

Language / Polish pronunciation of "W Meksyku" [6]


Yes, I would think so.

Sorry, Jacek, I cannot deliver samples of my speech; I have no mike handy to record my voice.

But believe me, the synthetic "Jacek" voice is completely wrong in "ulica"; it should be "u-li-ca". "He" sounds so-o-o Czech, :-) This is actually a good example to demonstrate the Czech-Polish difference in stress. Use translate.google.com to translate Polish "ulica" to Czech "ulice" then press those little speaker icons in both panes. You should hear very clearly the exaggerated sounds "u-li-ca" vs. "u-li-ce", pronounced by the same "speaker".

Some Polish dialects, such as Highlander's dialect, or more specifically Podhale dialect ("under mountain meadows", foothills, piedmont) usually put the stress on the first syllable (or on a preposition if it exists).

By the way, the word "ulica" comes from Hungarian and it originally meant a gorge, ravine, entrance.

Language / Polish pronunciation of "W Meksyku" [6]

Your observation appears to be correct. Of the five synthetic Polish voices there, three seem stressing the first syllable, and two - the second one. The voice "Agnieszka" clearly belongs to the second group - following this classical description of stress in Polish:

In Polish stress is mixed -- tonic-dynamic. The following three elements form the word stress:

- beginning of a word is characterized by high level of intensity,
- increase in tone of accented syllable,
- lengthening of accented vowel and weakening of articulation at the end of the word.

In the two-syllable words (with the stress on the first syllable) accent is primarily dynamic and generally there is also some lengthening of the vowel (especially if the word is pronounced in isolation). The difference in pitch is less regular.

In longer words the stressed penultimate syllable has a higher tone than at least one of the syllables surrounding it and also the stressed vowel may be lengthened.

In the four-syllable and longer words - in addition to the penultimate stress - a secondary stress is put on the first syllable. The secondary accent has higher level of intensity than the next syllable.

translated from pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetyka_j%C4%99zyka_polskiego

The voice synthesizer of the Google translator, although not that good as Ivona, very clearly stresses the second syllable in "w Meksyku".

I am quite impressed with the Ivona voice production: it is of much higher quality that I had ever been able to achieve many years ago (Yes, yes - I just happened to be involved in voice production software and hardware). But I would not take any of their synthesized voices for the ultimate authority of Polish pronunciation. :-)

One more thing: a sentence and a word stress interact somehow, so the phrases "w Meksyku" and "byłam w Meksyku" may appear having different stresses.

News / Poznan's Citizens Budget - expenses for the year 2012 [8]


This is it.
About 40 hectares used to belong to St. John of Jerusalem Parish, and were taken away by the communist authorities in 1952 when the artificial lake was created by damming the Cybina river. Some of its property is now under the water table of the Lake Malta. Since 1990s the Parish and the City of Poznań have been fighting this issue in courts. The subjects of dispute are: a compensation for use of the Parish property in the past, a compensation for the the property at the bottom of the lake, an annual lease agreement for the recreational properties along the lake, or alternatively - the land swap. The numbers differ, but in January last 2011 the District Court granted about 75 000 000 PLN of compensation plus return of 8 hectares of land. In May 2011 the Court of Appeal quashed that judgement. I do not know what is the current status of this dispute.

• 
  Lake Malta and disputed properties
  

Language / Polish pronunciation of "W Meksyku" [6]


There is no such rule, as far as I know. The exceptions to the standard "penultimate syllable stress" include words of Latin origin (bo-ta-ni-ka, w bo-ta-ni-ce, but bo-ta-ni-ka-mi; po-li-ty-ka, w po-li-ty-ce, but po-li-ty-ka-mi); plural forms of verbs in past tense (zro-bi-liś-cie, po-je-cha-liś-cie - the third syllable from the end); singular forms of subjunctive verbs (zro-bił-by, po-je-cha-ła-by - the third syllable from the end) or plural forms of subjunctive verbs (po-je-cha-li-byś-cie, zro-bi-li-byś-my - the fourth syllable from the end).

However, nobody would chop your head off if you did not follow these exceptions.

The stress "w Me-ksy-ku" is no different than stress "w I-ra-nie", "w Af-ga-ni-sta-nie" or "w U-rug-wa-ju" - it is put on the second syllable from the end. I think your confusion comes from the fact that the English "Mexico" is pronounced with the strong stress on the first syllable. Polish "Meksyk" has also similar stress, but the stresses in the phrases "in Mexico" and "w Meksyku" differ.

News / Poznan's Citizens Budget - expenses for the year 2012 [8]


I absolutely agree. And I think these kind of projects could motivate young people more than the old. And that's the point.


I understand that this project is just a continuation of Strzeszyńska path, although some say that this street is too busy and suggested alternative solutions. Probably too late.

But at least this should be some alternative to the very picturesque hiking/bicycle trail from Rusałka Lake to Strzeszynek. Is it back in use?

[A private owner of a property, through which the trail passes, expected Poznan authorities to buyout the land and - after lack of any response - he plowed about five hundred metres of the trail in the spring this year. Was he just pissed off, or was he trying to force the negotiations?]


I do not know whose idea it was but - considering it a fantastic PR - I suspect there was very little opposition to it. [Just about 0.326% of the budget!]

Genealogy / Is it Likely One of My Polish Ancestors Did Some Funny Business With a Bulgarian? [16]


Not very likely because Bulgaria was subjugated to Ottoman Empire since 1396 and only got liberated in 1878. The only significant Polish-Bulgarian connection was a "Polish-Hungarian crusade commanded by Władysław III of Poland set out to free the Bulgaria and the Balkans in 1444, but the Turks emerged victorious at the battle of Varna." Young Władysław III, later known as Warneńczyk, died in that battle.

News / Poznan's Citizens Budget - expenses for the year 2012 [8]

And the five top winners, which will be put to the budget, are:
01 - 39.02% - 1 500 000 zł - Expansion of Palium hospice
02 - 30.11% - 1 730 000 zł - Pedestrian and bicycle paths along Warta river
03 - 27.75% ‑ 2 500 000 zł - Short Stay Centrum for people with disabilities
04 - 21.69% ‑ 3 000 000 zł - Bicycle road from Juraszów St., Strzeszyńska, Biskupińska, Krajanecka, Strzeszyn
05 - 21.32% ‑ 1 870 000 zł - Family playground at Malta lake

Delphiandomine: three of your wishes came through.
I am happy for number 4, for personal reasons.
The results came up three days ago. Number of votes: 61 561. You could vote for maximum five projects. Number of participants: 20 238. Spoils (like missing some info): 978

News / Papal Day in Poland JP2 [26]


Yes, indeed, you were the first mentioning it. I do not claim the birthright to the word, but I referred Rybnik to my previous post because it had links to the definitions, including etymology ILLEITY => "IL Y A". Then I followed it up with the related concepts, to provide some further insight. What's wrong with that? I did not think I would have to explain this to you. :-(


And this supposed to be funny, right?

News / Papal Day in Poland JP2 [26]


IFLEITY is Polunius'es "itchy fingers" typo, which happens to him quite often recently. The real word is ILLEITY, which I referred to three posts ago.

I happen to have at home Ryszard Kapuściński's collected lectures, under the name "Ten Inny" (This Other), 2006. It includes "Wykłady Wiedeńskie (I-III) (Vienna Lectures) - 2004, "Mój Inny" (My Other) - Graz 1990, "Inny w innej wiosce" (The Other in Another Village) - Kraków 2003, "Spotkanie z Innym jako wyzwanie XXI wieku" (Meeting with Other as a challenge of XXI century).

Here is his relevent quote of Józef Tischner, from his "The Pholosophy of Drama" (1998):


en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Tischner

The philosophy of drama is a direction, orientation or a trend, which intends to handle the basic problem of man - I and his relation with Other man.

In modern times this trend was created and developed by Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, Gabriel Marcel and most often recalled by Tischner - Emmanuel Lévinas.

News / Papal Day in Poland JP2 [26]


From Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Entry: Emmanuel Levinas. He introduced a concept of "he-ness", Illeity.

plato.stanford.edu/entries/levinas

From fractal Ontology, refracting theory: politics, cybernetics, philosophy. Article: "Ipseity and Illeity, or Thinking Ethics without the Other of the Other"

fractalontology.wordpress.com/2009/05/02/ipseity-and-illeity-or-thinking-ethics-without-the-other-of-the-other/

Life / Polish vs British vs American - Clash of cultures [390]


That's Romanian ţuică stuff, right? In Polish transliteration it would look like: cuika, or cłika. This T up front is confusing, because it is T with cedilla.

Some Polish moonshine I used to taste was always flavoured with prunes after distillation, which would:

- kill some bad taste of the original booze
- add some good color - giving the booze resemblance of a brandy

As I was told, my friend's mother used to produce her booze in the most primitive still ever, made of:

- sizeable laundry cauldron, filled with mash at the bottom - made mostly of sugar and yeast plus some fruits for flavor. That was put on the top of the stove.

- an eating bowl, upside down, serving as a foundation
- another eating bowl, on top the first one to serve as an alcohol collector
- a big washing bowl, on the top of the cauldron, filled with very cold water. Fresh bread was used to seal the edge of the cauldron and the washing ball.

The process was simple: stove heating, evaporation, condensation at the the washing bawl, collection of alcohol at the bottom bowl.

He claimed, that all that smell coming from the regular cooking was sufficient enough to hide the smell of alcohol being produced. She was not afraid of any unexpected inspections. Not that it was any problem at all, since only three people were entitled to run such business: her, the police station commander and the parish priest.


Congratulations! I am impressed. :-)

History / Difference between the Pospolite ruszenie and the Winged Hussars in Poland? [10]


Once every so often, the local commanders were obliged to call "pospolite ruszenie" for the purpose of review and enumeration. The results were often disappointing: many poor men - so-called "szlachta zagrodowa" or "szaraczkowa szlachta" - would come with no horse, no retinue, with obsolete weapons, or just with clubs or sticks. North east Masovia and Podlasie come to mind.

Here is one interesting registry list:
Chorągiew Ziemska Smoleńska 5 stycznia 1633 roku - Banner (squadron) of Smolensk Land, January 5, 1633
Organization of Smolensk Land militia is quite interesting, as it was quite different than in other lands:

- The Smoileńsk fortress was a gateway to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also the perfect base for offensives against Moscow, therefore it was subject to special protection;

- Lands in the province (voivodship) of Smolensk were properties of the state (although there were some exceptions to this), even if its former owner from the Muscovite times went to the Polish side. The king handed out the estates to the gentry just for life or with inheritance rights. The estates could not be donated, sold or pledged without the consent of the king. Estates could be inherited only in the male line, and after the family expired, the estate became the property of the Commonwealth again. The fief privilege implied the duty to defend the state;

- The landowner was obliged to keep in the local castle (Smoleńsk?) a household with a journeyman or a farmer with a musket and other infantry weapons - as a kind of support to the castle crew - and the pantry for six months;

- During the war, a nobleman (szlachcic) had to fight in person or by deputy.

The registry represents alphabetical list of retinues, including those who served in mercenary banners and the losses during the siege (after January 5, 1633)

The list is organized as follows:

- entry number in the register
- name of the owner of the retinue
- his office
- those present/absent (1/0)
- number of journeymen
- number of householders (farmers, peasants)
- killed, shot, missing, taken prisoner
- additional sources

The details are presented here:

gosiewski.pl/inne/Smolensk-alfabetycznie.htm

Language / Usage of Polish Instrumental Case? [22]


Your friend could have made a mistake the first time. But since he repeats it again it looks like he has no understanding of Polish grammar. I can accept mistakes, but I really hate when people mislead the others purposely.

"Oni są leniwy" is wrong, wrong, definitely wrong.

Here is the entire battery for you.
1. Instrumental noun. Singular: from leń => leniem; Plural: from lenie => leniami
I am a sluggard. => Jestem leniem.
You are a sluggard. => Jesteś leniem.
He/she/it is a sluggard. => On/Ona/Ono jest leniem.
We are sluggards. => Jesteśmu leniami.
You are sluggards. => Jesteście leniami.
They are sluggards. => Oni/One/One są leniami.

2. Stand alone adjective, takes Nominative form if no object is following it
Summary:
Singular: leniwy (masculine), leniwa (feminine), leniwe (neutral)
Plural: leniwi (masc), leniwe (fem and neut)

Details:
I am lazy. => (Ja) jestem leniwy. (Ja) jestem leniwa (feminine). (Ja) jestem leniwe (neutral).
You are lazy. => (Ty) jesteś leniwy. (Ty) jesteś leniwa (feminine). (Ty) jesteś leniwe (neutral)
He is lazy. She is lazy. It is lazy. => On jest leniwy. Ona jest leniwa. Ono jest leniwe.
We are lazy. => (My) jesteśmy leniwi (masc or mixed). (My) jesteśmy leniwe (fem or neut).
You are lazy. => (Wy) jesteście leniwi (masc or mixed). (Wy) jesteście leniwe (fem or neut).
They are lazy. => Oni są leniwi (masc or mixed). One są leniwe (feminine or neut).

3. Adjective preceding an object
Nominative in both languages:
This is a lazy student. => To jest leniwy uczeń, leniwa uczennica, leniwe dziecko.
These are lazy students. => To są leniwi studenci, leniwe studentki, leniwe dzieci.

Nominative in English , Instrumental in Polish
Summary:
Singular, instrumental: leniwym uczniem, leniwą uczennicą, leniwym dzieckiem
(all forms the same in all cases, differences only between masculine, feminine and neutral forms)
Plural, instrumental: leniwymi uczniami, uczennicami, dziećmi.
(all forms the same, adjectives: no differences btw m, f, n; differences only in nouns (uczeń, uczennica))

Details:
I am a lazy student. => (Ja) jestem leniwym uczniem. (Ja) jestem leniwą uczennicą. (Ja) jestem leniwym dzieckiem.
You are a lazy student. => (Ty) jesteś leniwym uczniem. (Ty) jesteś leniwą uczennicą. (Ty) jesteś leniwym dzieckiem. (neutral)
He is a lazy student. => On jest leniwym uczniem. Ona jest leniwą uczennicą. Ono jest leniwym dzieckiem.
We are lazy students. => (My) jesteśmy leniwymi uczniami. (My) jesteśmy leniwymi uczennicami. (My) jesteśmy leniwymi dziećmi.
You are lazy students. => (Wy) jesteście leniwymi uczniami. (Wy) jesteście leniwymi uczennicami. (Wy) jesteście leniwymi dziećmi.
They are lazy students. => Oni są leniwymi uczniami. One są leniwymi uczennicami. One są leniwymi dziećmi.