Genealogy / my Polish Grandfather in Hitler Youth? HOW? [65]


Polen stands for Poland, polnisch - for Polish. Are you sure you translate it correctly? Does not is say something like this:
Place of birth: Gnesen, Polen
?

Life / Old Polish Tradition of a Son's First Steps [6]


Polish culture is not nomadic, aside from some mystical legendary Sarmatian beginnings. This story seems like a total myth; I have never read or heard about it - tradition or myth.

Here is the closest reference to such custom, mykyrgyzstan.ch/pravoe-menju-2/nomad_s-traditions.html
This comes from Kyrgyz culture. Allow me to quote (my emphasis):


How is your novel going?

Genealogy / Dodolak Family [3]


You'll find a little bit here in English about village Trzebownisko, Gmina (commune) Trzebownisko, Rzeszów County, Subcarpatian Voivodshop. It lies 7km NE of Rzeszów, a regional capital of the voivodship,

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzebownisko
Much more is provided in Polish version of wikipedia:
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzebownisko

The village is also a seat of local parish. However this is a comparatively new parish, established in 1945. It is unlikely that you will find any 19th c. certificates there. In older times Trzebownisko belonged to Parish Staromieście, 4 km away. Staromieście is now part of City of Rzeszów.

St. Joseph Parish in Rzeszów-Staromieście does not mention anything about their archives. Their address and telephone contact is here: parafia-jozef.rzeszow.opoka.org.pl/kancelar.html

I suspect that all those documents are now accessible for Registry office or another archives:

Urząd Stany Cywilnego w Rzeszowie (Registry Office in Rzeszów) has the following archival resources, pertaining to Staromieście:
Birth books, Roman-Catholic, 1879-1902, 1902-1942, 1942-1945, Staromieście
Marriage books, Roman-Catholic, 1876-1909, 1909-1932, 1932-1945, Staromieście
Death books, Roman-Catholic, 1896-1945, Staromieście
Their adddress, telephone and email are here:
bip.erzeszow.pl/wydzialyurzedumiasta/urzad-stanu-cywilnego

Older marriage records 1786-1893 can be found in National Archives in Rzeszów:
baza.archiwa.gov.pl/sezam/pradziad.php?l=pl&mode=showopis&id=38419&miejscowosc=Trzebownisko&gmina=Trzebownisko&wojewodztwo_id=54&wyznanie_id=23

Similarly, older birth records 1860-1902 are in here:
baza.archiwa.gov.pl/sezam/pradziad.php?l=pl&mode=showopis&id=38416&miejscowosc=Trzebownisko&gmina=Trzebownisko&wojewodztwo_id=54&wyznanie_id=23

Address, fax, phone and email are provided above.

Life / Individualism in Polish culture...Is it almost Nonexistant? [170]


Like what, she softens to praise of her cooking? :-)

Life / Individualism in Polish culture...Is it almost Nonexistant? [170]


I had little money, but I managed to travel. The first time was the toughest experience.


What are you talking about? Who could afford it? Have you ever heard about hitchhiking? Not recommended in DDR though. I tried it unsuccessfully and was stopped by DDR police half way to Hof, returned back to Bautzen (Budziszyn), interrogated and then sent back to Polish border. So the train was the only effective option to go through DDR and to reach the West.

And ferry to Scandinavia was also not that expensive and one could pay in Polish zloty. The fare included Swedish table and few drinks at the bar. Those paying in Polish currency had a choice of Polish vodka and Polish beer, all the others - all those colourful drinks and Tuborg beer. It was the first and the only time I felt discriminated against. :-)


That's very true. :-)


I knew about one, Dalimpex Ltd. in Etobicoke (west Toronto), Canada, but it was set much earlier by PRL as an import-export company, dealing with heavy machinery and tools - among other things. Rumor was that they also did some spying on Toronto Polonia. A company of this name still exists, listed as one of the Food Products in Mississauga, at new address. Check this report from 1989, where they presented their view on foreign markets, especially the Canadian one, citing some numbers,

dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a345082.pdf

Toronto Polonia companies have been doing a lot of business with Poland. For example, Polimex: travel, tours, parcels, cargo - they have been here for ages. Everyone here used their service at least once. There are several Polish bookstores, so someone has to deal with import of books and magazines. And food - a lot of imperishables are imported from Poland: confectionaries, herbal teas or even coffee (sic!).

Life / Individualism in Polish culture...Is it almost Nonexistant? [170]


+ They had no freedom: One had a freedom to do almost anything but plotting against "komuna". Theater, Philharmonic, student cabarets with political subtext, western movies, kayaking, trekking, sport, dining out, visiting, getting drunk and talking politics with your friends.[ The latter would be very risky in Soviet Union and East Germany.]

+couldn't travel: One could travel West if he/she was not considered a threat to the system. In DDR no - unless one has reached the retirement age. They could travel to Poland though, to meet their friends from Western Europe. I know such cases by heart.

+ couldn't afford to even if they were able to: There was a limit how much hard currency one could officially exchange. If I remember well, it was $100 limit per person max. So Polish tourists were dirt poor then. But then some would trade goods, some would work for few weeks a time then continue travelling

+stores were empty: True. But then there was a second circuit. A peasant woman would bring a good choice of mutton or veal, from illegal home butchery. So once every two weeks there was some meat on the table...

Do not tell me you know better. I lived there. I travelled. I worked to travel (doing vendange in Beaujolais, Roussillon). I travelled through Pyrenees, visited hippie communities. I spent my best ever cross country skiing - two weeks in Vercors, French Alps. But I also participated in international conferences where I met a lot of international friends. I participated in international postdoctoral school in Italy - 45 days altogether. I went to Finland, Austria, crossed the DDR, visited picturesque towns of Baden-Wurttemberg, West Germany, Switzerland, France, Spain. I slept in open fields or in apartments of good people who had offered me not only a ride but also a meal, good drink or a party in town. My best German buddy lived in Stuttgart, and we had been in touch for many years. He visited me in Poland several times and he enjoyed sailing Masurian Lakes and trekking Bieszczady Mountains with me and my family.

And I did not have to live in an apartment bugged by STASI, as some of my East German friends had to. Was the life tough in Poland? Sure it was. But it was paradise compared to East Germany. I hated many things there, but that's quite a different story. One day I had enough and emigrated.

P.S. I am going out now...

News / New uniforms for Polish Army [30]


That's true, but who cares about efficient planning. All armies in the world, not only Polish one, know how to waste money.
But to tone it down a bit:

Polish Special Operation Forces (SOF) have been using uniforms in multicam (MC) pattern for quite some time. This includes JW Grom, JW Komandosów, JW Formoza and JW Nil. New SOF units JW Agat and the 7th Squadron of Special Command (7 EDS) still wear standard unforms, but this will change sooner or later. Some other units, such as 9th Recon Regiment, have been also pampered with better equipment and MC uniforms.


Simple, epaulets are useless in field uniforms, since the insignia, being obfuscated by camouflage, are hardly visible. Informally, some senior officers in Polish Military Contingents in Iraq and Afghanistan have been wearing their ranks on their chest - as any modern military does.


I'd like to point out that the current camouflage pattern comes in two colour schemes: woodland and dessert (or whatever they are really called). Soldiers in Afghanistan mostly wear the dessert colour, but I have seen pictures of troops wearing either one, or a combination of those and a fleece top in black colour - used in cold weather.


Complaining, complaining. :-) You pictures are very unfortunate. Who cares how MON infantry models (green berets) look like. Take a look at this set of pictures from Afghanistan instead.

Genealogy / POLISH NOBILITY NAMES IN -SKIi [82]

Skibniewski is a Polish noble line, Ślepowron coat of arms (The word translates to a night heron, but the bird shown in the crest is in fact a raven with a ring in its beak). There are 932 other families using this crest,

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alepowron_coat_of_arms
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alepowron_(herb_szlachecki)

Here is also a link to a short list of known Skibniewskis
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skibniewscy

There are three other families with similar surnames, who use two different coats of arms - HERBS in Polish:
SKIBICKI - HERB ROLA, SKIBIŃSKI - HERB KOTWICZ, SKIBIEŃSKI - HERB ROLA


Mark, I did not realize that you had been on a long search for Skibniewski ancestry who settled at Podbielko, Gmina Stary Lubotyń, Ostrów Mazowiecka Count, Masovian Voivodship. Apparently you were puzzled about missing records for Skibniewskis before 1826.

I have a good news for you. First read this little story about Masovian roots and two rich Podolian branches of Skibniewski family.
zsokolowa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=337:skibniewscy-na-podolu&catid=4:topami-przodkow&Itemid=5

According to this:
Family Skibniewski comes from Podlasie village of Skibniewo. It was first mentioned in a 15th c. court file. After taking possession of estate Kurcze near Skibniew, in the first half of 16th c., they started calling themselves Skibniewskis of Kurcze [Kurcze is a plural name, so in Polish this would be Skibniewscy z Kurzec]. Kurzec has become their ancestral nickname, later used by two Podolian branches of the family, beginning with the figure of Antoni Kurzec - Skibniewski.

Well, there exist two settlements in Masovian Voivodship: Skibniew-Kurcze and Skibniew-Podawce, about 68 km by road, south of from Podbielko.
Skibniew-Kurcze, Gmina Sokołów Podlaski, Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodship. Skibniew-Podawce is on other side of the road, 1 km away. The latter is also a seat of the parish: Parafia Św. Wojciecha, Szkolna 1, 08-300 Skibniew-Podawce tel: (25) 787-69-24 .

In between the two settlements, on the road 627, there is an inn called Retro-Skibniew,
retro-skibniew.pl

Skibniew is famous throughout the Republic for its hospitality! Guests who arrive are shown such stories that no wise books have ever recorded but only have been passed down by generations of families Niepiekły and Skibniewski. These clans have been feuding for centuries and the cause of the dispute was a beautiful girl. You, dear guests, have to come here to see how it ended ...Everyone will find something for themselves - alone or in a group, enjoy the excellent food and the shelter.

With this I will leave you to your further detective work. Judging from your past posts you are comfortable with Polish parish and civil archives.

You will also find many references to Sokołów County and Skibniewski family from that region
zsokolowa.com

I hope this helps. Good luck.

Food / Polish Preserves, any recipes? [14]


Wiśnia łutówka, a.k.a. morello cherry (Schattenmorelle, Shadow Morelle in German) - my favoured childhood fruit, very juicy, sweet-sour, almost black. See the picture of the fruits in German Wikipedia.

The famous German Black Forest cake, sold everywhere in North America, is not worthy its name if it is not made with true morello cherries. Regular cherries or "wiśnia szklanka (sour glassy cherry)" do not count. In Toronto stick to the German, Polish or Balkan bakeries to get the right fruit in the cake.

The recipe:
Take ripe "wiśnie łutówki", but not too ripe. Cut off the stalks in the middle. Put them in a sieve and pour boiling water over them. Puncture them in two-three places with a wooden toothpick and arrange them in a jar. Add a little bit of cinnamon and few grains of coriander. Pour thick sugar syrup mixed with rectified spirit (%98 alcohol) to obtain resulting %33 alcohol. The proportion of sugar to water is 1:1; for example 300 gram of sugar to 300 ml of water for every 1000 gram of wiśnia. Put the jar at the sunny place for 4-6 weeks.

For the curious minds, there are four hypotheses for the derivation of the name morello cherry.

+ From Château de Moreilles, where supposedly, already in 1598, the sour cherries of this type have been bred in the garden of the castle. There was and there is a Château de Moreilles in France.

+ From Latin amarus, English morello, Italian for bitter AMARELLO. However morello cherry is just slightly sour but not bitter. Rather unlikely source.
+ Late Latin maurella (diminutive of "maurus", the Moor), which refers to the dark color of the fruit: The morello cherry is red-light during ripening, but when fully ripe, it is dark. Quite possible origin.

+ from Chatel Morel: the griot du Nord (Chatel Morel) is the French name of morello cherry. Most likely origin

Language / Zjadać Wypijać - I'm confused [7]


Just to be sure that there is no misunderstanding for anyone reading this: the author indicates perfective verbs with superscript "p" (if I remember it correctly). So the real, "clean" sentence is: "Często po obiedzie usiądzie sobie w fotelu, zapali fajkę i porozmawia z wnukami."


You are welcome.

Travel / Poland in photo riddles [3134]


OK then, Nowy Wiśnicz.

Travel / Poland in photo riddles [3134]


I know but I won't tell - J.K.
A legend has it that this is where an owner of the castle, an ally of Bona Sforza, treated Barbara Radziwiłł to a meal spiced with a slowly acting poison.

Travel / Poland in photo riddles [3134]


Indeed. Thinking about it: in this dreary PRL days the Polish humour seemed to be more refined, classy so to speak. Here is another one with my attempt to translate this abstractly nonsensical but delicious original.

Genealogy / Help finding info about Naliborski [23]


Not really. We looked at that initially, but this is a false friend. The name Naliborski would mean somebody from a village Nalibórz, Naliborze, Nalibór or something like this. However no such village exists in Poland, as far as Uncle Google knows it.

Somebody from Naliboki or an owner of Naliboki would be spelled Nalibocki. By the way, the owners of Naliboki were Zawiszas and Radziwiłłs (see below), not Nalibockis, and surely not Naliborskis.

The Naliboki Forest is spelled in Polish either Nalibocki Las or Puszcza Nalibocka (not Naliborska) - although I have to admit that this particular "las" could be qualified as a "bór" or (plural) "bory", since it is mainly made of pine (coniferous) forests (and swamps - to be exact). Today it is a forest reserve in Belarus, west of Minsk, known as Landszaftny Zakaznik Nalibocki (Ландшафтны заказнік Haлібoцки), Naliboki Landscape Reserve.

Nalibocki Batalion Śmierci (Naliboki Death Battalion) was a unit of the Home Army, organized on the basis of "samochowy" (self-preservation), or Nalibocka Samoobrona (Naliboki Self-Defense), which was established to protect against looting by Soviet and Bielski (Jewish) partizans.

Zgrupowanie Stołpecko-Nalibockie AK (Stolpce-Naliboki Grouping of Home Army), after operating for more than a year in Naliboki area as the only strong combat partisan unit, penetrated the Naliboki Forest (Puszcza Nalibocka and after crossing of the 500 km coutryside reached the gates of Warsaw just before the "W" day. The famous Kampinos Group, of Kampinos Republic, was organized on the basis of Zgrupowanie Stołpecko-Nalibockie AK.

Anna Radziwiłł established glassworks in Naliboki (1722) and in Urzecz(1737) in Crown. The products from these plants are known to this day as urzeckie-nalibockie szkło.

The name of the Nalibocki noble family is mentioned in Herbarz Niesieckiego (Niesiecki's Armorial).
Nalibocki is also a Jewish surname:
+ Nalibocki (Nalivotzki) Mojżesz(Mose)(1913-1942), a hairdresser, single, born is Stołpce, died in Stołpce ghetto (53 km south of Naliboki).
+ Nalibocki (Nalivotzki) Rachel (1920-1940), single, born and died in Stołpce.

Random tidbits:
A man whose parents: Janina Adamcewicz and Jan Chmara are from Naliboki, claimed that the proper spelling of the village is NALEBOKI, not Naliboki. Makes sense to me. Several Ellis Island records mention Naleboki, Russia. However, the Naliboki name statistically wins over Naleboki.

boards.ancestrylibrary.com/surnames.bartosiewicz/9.2/mb.ashx

See also this historical note on the village of Naliboki, based on "Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1885, vol. 6, p. 890; 1902, vol. 15, p. 369]"

Language / Zjadać Wypijać - I'm confused [7]


Yes, this is what I think. But I am not an expert, I am just a passerby, a native Polish speaker. There are several experts on this forum, who would be only glad to correct me here. :-)

I know that typical definitions of aspects associate frequentative with imperfective but not with perfective. But I was also happy to discover that there are different formal schools of thought on this subject, and some of them agree that the frequentative/iterative/habitual aspect is often successfully paired with perfective aspect [1].

I also came across two other publications that might be of interest to you. The dissertation [2] of Anna Katarzyna Młynarczyk attempts to provide a systematic mechanism for classification, creation and testing of imperfective/perfective aspect pairs:


The most interesting parts of her work is the first half of the Chapter 1: "A little Polish Lesson" and Chapter 4: "An Aspectual Classification of Polish Verbs", where she presents and discusses her conclusions, which she obtained with the help of a program written in the declarative, logical programming language Prolog. Frequentative/habitual aspects, however, are outside the scope of her work and she looks down on certain forms such as "jadać" or "pisywać" as old fashioned, fossilized and not very significant in modern Polish.

Finally, Bartosz Wiland [3] deals with the issue of legal prefix (aspect) stacking and its order of precedence in constructs like this:
po-prze-pisywać (DISTRIBUTIVE-REPETITIVE-write),
po-na-stawiać (DISTIBUTIVE-CUMULATIVE-set),
na-prze-pisywać (SATURATIVE-REPETITIVE-write),
po-na-brajać (DISTRIBUTIVE-SATURATIVE-prank).
His style is very terse, but he provides many good examples that may serve as a guide to aspect stacking in Polish.

[1] ASPECT AND EXPRESSIONS OF HABITUALITY IN POLISH, Barbara Bacz, Université Laval, Canada, 2009:

lacus.org/volumes/35/202_bacz_b.pdf

[2] Aspectual Pairing in Polish / Anna Katarzyna Mlynarczyk - [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004 - Tekst. - Proefschrift Universiteit Utrecht:

igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2004-0309-140804/inhoud.htm

[3] Prefix Stacking, Syncretism, and the Syntactic Hierarchy, Bartosz Wiland, University of Poznań, FASL 20, MIT, May 13-15, 2011,

web.mac.com/bartoszwiland/Bartosz_Wiland/Bartosz_Wiland_files/Prefixes_Hand-Out-FASL.pdf

Travel / Poland in photo riddles [3134]


Yes, Apage Satanas!


If your question was "And the dog?" I would know the rest:
- Teoretycznie tak... Tylko że mię coś podkusiło. Staropolszczyzne sie mnie zachciało. Sęk, sęk, równie dobrze mogłem powiedzieć, ja wiem... - tu leży pies pochowany...

[Theoretically yes… But why on earth I was tempted to talk the Old Polish? Knot, knag, I could have as well said, for example - here lies the buried dog [Hic jacet canis. That's where the shoe pinches, that's the snag]]

- ...piees? […do-o-g?]
- PIES! [DOG!]
- Piesek! Jaka rasa? [A liitle dog! What breed?]
- Szlag mnie trafi... [Damn my luck …]

Language / Zjadać Wypijać - I'm confused [7]


Yes.

Wypijałem butelkę reńskiego każdego wieczora.
Frequentative, perfective. I did it often, and always drank it down to the very bottom.

Pijałem wiele razy piwo z tego browaru.
Frequentative, imperfective. I did it often, but with various intakes: sometimes just a sip here and there without finishing it out, sometimes many bottles a time.

"Zabijaliśmy dziecko, jego serce kroiliśmy na kawałki, a potem zjadaliśmy je. To była ofiara dla Szatana" - tak Blahyi opowiada dziennikarzom o tym, co jego oddziały robiły podczas wojny domowej w Liberii.

(Joshua Blahyi, dowódca jednej z liberyjskich bojówek, okrutny morderca.)
Frequentative, perfective. And disgusting..

Jadałem w tej restauracji nieomalże dzień w dzień.
Frequentative, imperfective. I did it often but it does not mean that I have ever finished my meal there. Some meals in fact could have been very bad but I tried it again since I had no other choice: this was the only restaurant in town.

Genealogy / POLISH NOBILITY NAMES IN -SKIi [82]


Hanów, gmina (municipality) Dębowa Kłoda, Parczew district, Lublin Voivodship. It lies 35 km West from Włodawa (on the Bug River, close to the borders with Belarus and Ukraine).


debowa-kloda.bip.lublin.pl/upload/pliki/historia_gminy.pdf

In that quote they used the word "colony". In Poland, it is usually applied to German settlements.

Just 20 km North of Włodawa, there is village Hanna, gmina Hanna, Włodawa district, Lublin Voivodship.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna,_Lublin_Voivodeship
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_(wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie)

For what I understand, both Hanów and Hanna could not serve as your family nest.


This does not compute historically. This is true that -ski ending Ukrainian surnames are indeed being transliterated to Latin - or to be more exact to English - as -sky. However, this is just a modern rule. Recall that the Ukrainian language and alphabet was still undergoing transformation and standardization as late as 1927 and 1930s. Early documents, mentioning Polish and Rusyn gentry were written in two languages: Polish (Latin) and Rusyn (Cyrillic). Nobody transliterated from Ukrainian to English then. :-)

So the -ski names remained -ski in Polish version and -ський (or something like that) in Rusyn. In early 15th c. Rusyn gentry, at the Eastern part of Red Rus (Grody Czerwienskie), near Lwów and Żydaczów, were still using toponymic forms: Jursza of Chodorowstaw, Stańko of Dawidow (in 1410 he was still known as Ostaszko of Dawidow), Dmytro Lahodowski, Martyn Kalenyk of Podhajec, Michno and Paszko of Borszczow, Juryj of Malczyce, Senko Halka of Iljaszow, Senko of Nahorce, Olechno, Marko and Lenko of Drohoszow, Petro Wolczko of Kolodence, Stecko, Onyszko i Stecko-Ilko of Czerkasy, Dmytro and Jacko of Didoszyce (Diduszyckis), Jacko of Roznitow, Andrejko of Swaryczow, Iwaszko of Duliby, Iwan of Koszawa, Oleksa and Luczko of Witwice, Danko, Myka and Senko of Balice, Jacko of Nowosielice.

The Western part of Red Rus were already using -icz, -cki and -ski forms, such as:
Andrijko and Hryćko Bybelski, Hryćko Kierdejowicz, Hlib Diadkowicz, Wolczko Presłuzycz, Danyło Zaderewicki, Kostko Solneczkowicz, Kostko judge of Przemyśl, Jacko judge of Sanok, Waśko Teptiukowicz, Mychajło Procowicz, Drahut Wołoch, Chodko Czemer, Juryj i Waśko Moszonczycz, Wołczko Kuźmicz, Mychajło Senkowicz, Iwan Danslawicz, Oleszko Hrudkowicz, Waśko Czortkowicz.

So why the -sky form appears in some German or Polish names. It is an effect of Germanization, undertaken at various times, that the -ski, -cki suffixes had been replaced by -sky and -tzky. For example: Czarnowsky, Lubawsky, Naczyńsky were the names common to Northern Poland ( not Ukraine) - Pomerania, Warmia, Kashuby (Royal Prussia), respectively. These areas - plus Upper and Lower Silesia and Lubusz region - are the areas where I would look for Hannowsky variation of Hanowski, not in Ukraine.

But where the -sky suffix came from? From Bohemia, from our Western Slavic cousins. Germans had been exposed to Czech names for much longer period than to Polish names, and accepted the Czech-like suffixes -sky as more natural than -ski.

Czechs spell the -ski ending names with -ský, where ý is known as dlouhé ypsilon (long y). An acute accent over a vowel signifies a long sound. Czech -ský sounds exactly like Polish -ski, while their pronunciation of -ski sounds like -sky in Polish. [This and other such false friends are jokingly referred to as Czech errors in Polish]

For example, Sikorski pronounced by Czechs sounds to Polish ear like Sikursky, while Šikórský as Sikoorski - almost right so as Polish Sikorski.
(With some approximation, since in Polish S becomes palatalized when followed by "i". Hence I replaced Si by Ši to approximate that soft sound).

This is all due to the fact that both languages, though close cousins, have developed their spelling and pronunciation quite differently over the ages.

Genealogy / POLISH NOBILITY NAMES IN -SKIi [82]

Surname Mosoewicz violates Polish orthography rules. The closest acceptable version would be MOSIEWICZ or MOJSIEWICZ. It derives from the name Moses. Borrowed from Greek in two versions: Moyses and Moses; Latin Moyses, Moses; German Moses, Mose, Moyse. In Polish Moses is spelled Mojżesz, which is a variation of the Eastern Orthodox Church name Mojsiej, and the Yiddish word Mosze.

USTASZEWSKI surname may derive from several sources.
1. From word USTA and its derivatives
Usta (plural only noun: mouth, lips), usteczka (diminutive of usta), ustny (adjective: oral), ustnie (orally).
Poduścić, poduszczać (to dare somebody).
Uście rzeki (Old Polish: mouth of the river, estuary). Modern word "ujście" is a corrupted form of "uście", with the wrong explanation that it derives from the verb "ujść" (to let it go, to exit).

Old Slavic Orthodox: ustije (Polish usta), ustiti (Polish: ujście, also English: to stimulate).
Lithuanian: uosta (English: port)
Indian: osztha (English: a lip), aoszta (both lips)
Latin: os (usta), ostium, austium, aestuario (Polish ujście)
Translated from:
etymologia.org/wiki/S%C5%82ownik+etymologiczny/usta
In Slovenian ustata means to rise up, to stand up, hence ustaša would mean an insurgent, a rebel.
[Members of Croatian fascist organization, before and during WWII, were called Ustaše, in Polish Ustasze, English: Ustashe, Ustashas or Ustashi.]

2. From the Old Polish given name Uściwoj
Uści (to stimulate) + woj (a warrior) => One who inspires (incites) warriors

3. From given name Eustachy
Known in Poland since 13th c. It derives from Greek Eustachios, Eustachus: eu (well) + stachus (ear of corn, offspring); adopted in Latin as Eustachius. Polish variations of Eustachy: Awstach, Abstach, Jawczach.

4. From given name Eustacy
Confused in Poland with Eustachy, it derives from Greek Eustathios: eustathes (well-placed, healthy). Other Polish variations: Awstacy, Abstacy, Jawstacy. Eastern borderlands versions: Ostap, Ostaf, Ostafiej.

There are 181 Ustaszewski and 144 Ustaszewska people registered in Poland. Majority of them live in £omża and Ostrołęka districts. It might be of interest to find out why it is so, but I am too tired to investigate it now.

[Moi Krewni is a Polonized version of an international program, which does not recognize that -ski and -ska pertain to the same surnames]

Genealogy / POLISH NOBILITY NAMES IN -SKIi [82]

^^
Thank you, I appreciate it.

Genealogy / POLISH NOBILITY NAMES IN -SKIi [82]


Your Austrian source contains this entry: HANOW, HANOWSKI vom WAPPEN JASIENCZYK, which actually means that the families Hanow and Hanowski (alongside some other 130 families in Poland) were entitled to use Jasieńczyk coat of arms (alternative: Jasienice, Jasiona, Klucz).

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasie%C5%84czyk_coat_of_arms

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You need to realize that only in the Polish heraldic tradition, as opposed to the West European traditions, the coats of arms have their own names and they are rarely associated with one family only. One reason for it was a so-called adoption process to the coat of arms, existing in Poland already in the fourteenth century, and particularly frequently used in the fifteenth century. It was based on the official "adoption" of a person (being ennobled) by someone from the old nobility to their coat of arms. Often the adoptee was given a variation of the original coat of arms.

There is a historically known fact of the collective act of adoption of Lithunian gentry and Ruthenian boyars to the crests of leading Polish magnates after the Union of Horodło, 1413. Since the adoption to crest posed the potential for abuse, adoptions for fee, purchases of the gentry status and uncontrolled growth of gentry each adoption required approval of Sejm (Parliament), beginning with the mid XVI c.

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Your surname, alongside many other surnames beginning in "Han", is either derived from female name Hanna (Anna) or from German male name Han, an abbreviation from Johann, Johannes (= Jan). In Poland, during middle ages, the given name Han was equivalent to the name Jan. Consequently, in many cases, the surname Hanowski could be a re-spelled name Janowski.

The Hannowsky surname is probably just a variation on Hanowski; I would not take much notice here regarding the spelling difference. For example, one of the "Han-like" villages in old Poland, is (still existing) Hanowo, gmina (municipality) Grudziądz, district Grudziądz, Kuiavian-Pomeranian voivodship. It was once spelled Hannowo in German.

Hanowski is just more popular than Hannowsky. In Germany, there are 147 phone book entries with the name Hanowski (estimated 392 people), but only 14 entries for Hannowsky (estimated 37 persons).

In Poland, there are 100 registered people of the name Hanowski, and none of Hannowsky. Just few of them are in Krosno Odrzańskie county; which includes town of Gubin.

There is no easy way to prove whether or not your ancestry was of noble origin, or if they were just peasants or tradesman born in or around various villages with the prefix "Han" or "Jan". You would have to go back generation, after generation - repeating exactly the same process, through which many of the Polish gentry had to go in 19th c. to prove to Prussian, Russian and Austrian partitioning powers that they were indeed of documented Polish gentry, worthy of some privileges, such as not being subject to forceful conscription to tsarist armies.

Nevertheless, the noble Hanowski clans were spread all over Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Some used to live in Warmia:
Here is what father Franciszek Bałuta wrote in a baptism book in 1947:


parafia.kawkowo.jonkowo.pl/Pro_memoria.html

Other "Han" surnames belonged to nobility of Wołyń (Wolhynia), Podole (Podolia) and Kiev lands: Han, Handerf, Hankiewicz, Hanneman, Hanowski, Hanzak, Hańkowski, Hański.

Ornatowski's index of Polish nobility lists the following names, which seem to be derived from Han (h. is an abbreviation from "herb", a coat of arms):

Hanaszewski h. Gąska; Hancewicz h. Pomian; Hanczewicz h. Gozdawa; Handa h. Doliwa; Hanel h. Odrowąż; Hanicki h. Korczak; Haniewicz h. Nowina; Haniewski h. Pomian; Hankiewicz h. Awdaniec; Hankowski h. Korczak; Hanow, Hanowski h. Jasieńczyk; Hannowiecki h. Junosza; Hanusiewicz, Hanusowicz h. Korczak;

Hanuszewicz h. Radwan; Hański h. Gozdawa, Korczak

And there are many villages in Poland starting in "Han". The good help here would be an old book in Polish, available for free as e-book: Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Volume 3, By Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski, Warszawa 1882.

(A geographic dictionary of Polish Kingdom and other Slavic countries). Find the name, such as Hanowo, get it in Wikipedia, then locate it on google maps, and then follow historical details. Nowadays, many local websites present their history in English as well.

Genealogy / Searching for Grochowski relatives [14]


You could start with Poznań Project: Search for the marriages database, poznan-project.psnc.pl/search.php#search. It covers the areas of former Posen Province of Prussia, today's Greater Poland Province, with surrounding districts. This includes Złotów. Read more about this project here:

Their database of marriages covers the years 1800-1899, so it definitely does not apply to your father (born in 1925) but it could by chance apply to your grandfather if he was married in late 1880s.

The search page shows two interfaces:
1. Simple surname search, where you could specify just one surname Grochowski. Do not use it. It shows too many hits, so you are asked to use extended interface.

2. Extended search
You have to specify at least one surname (bride or groom), and optionally select a subregion, time frame, religion, first name. I tried these criteria:

+ Groom: Grochowski
+ Bride:
+ Region: Bydgoszcz - Wyrzysk - Złotów
+ Time frame: From 1880 to 1899
And was provided with 24 exact matches - all 100% groom matches, and a bunch of approximate matches. However, no Andrjez (Andrzej) or any such variation of a given name was noted. The closest ones were Adalbertus and Antonius.

It looks like I found no match, but you may want to verify my search or extend the time range and try again.

Genealogy / Poeciazek (Pociazek) - meaning, origin, is it a common name in Poland? [7]

I could be. But still, there are only eight people of such name in Poland and thats makes it very unlikely to serve as a surname of a Polish immigrant in Denmark. It is easy to assume that surname POECIAZEK is wrong because Polish language has no diphthongs, such as OE - therefore we tend to think that dropping the "redundant E" solves the problem; settling with POCIAZEK => POCIĄŻEK instead. This does not have to be a case, so this is why I came up with statistically more likely hypothesis of PIENIAZEK=>PIENIĄŻEK.

Danish language has many diphthongs, such as: ag, af, av, eg, ei, eu, etc. but there is no OE - as far as I can see. But OE is one of diphthongs existing in Dutch: EU, AUI, IE, CH, OE, OU. A foreign looking (Polish) surname starting with "PIE" could have been easily mistaken by a Dutch Catholic priest in Denmark by "POE" - both ending in a familiar legitimate diphthong.

But "co ma piernik do wiatraka?" - why do I mix Dutch priests into this Polish-Danish story? Simple: Denmark, with its population of 5.5 millions, is predominantly Lutheran. Church of Denmark is an official state religion by the Constitution of Denmark. Since 1892 the Catholics of Denmark, who (including about 7000 Polish labourers) number 57,000, enjoy freedom of religion. During the early 20th century the Polish Catholic community (sugar-beet Poles) was served by Dutch priests, who have learned some Polish in order to perform their spiritual services. It is very probable that the OP grandparents were married by a Dutch priest, who also must have filled the marriage certificate for the young couple.

Genealogy / Poeciazek (Pociazek) - meaning, origin, is it a common name in Poland? [7]

As Sofijufka suggests the "Pociazek" version of the Polish spelling "Pociążek" seems straightforward. However, the statistics to which she refers to is not that good: there are only eight persons using this surname in Poland. A very rare name.

Quick internet search reveals that the OP is trying to build his family tree, with his family branch based in Denmark. He provides the following data for his grandmother: Stanislawa POECIAZEK , born on 25 April 1901, Czestochowa, POLAND; died on 17 January 1995 ‎(Age 93)‎ in Haderslev, Sønderjylland, DENMARK.

The database of Danish surnames reveals that neither of the two surnames POCIAZEK and POECIAZEK exists in Denmark.
danskernesnavne.navneforskning.ku.dk/Topnavne/Topnavn_reg10_s2_l.asp
However, there is another surname listed there, which might be a source from which a severely corrupted POECIAZEK could be derived. It is PIENIAZEK, listed there as a very rare surname (1184 topmost position) - with seven people using it. This is confirmed by My Heritage database

myheritage.com/last-name/DK/Pieniazek

which states that there are five people in Denmark with the Pieniazek last name, and which makes it the 978th most popular surname. The Pieniazek people live in one county and one municipality, namely Århus.

Soldier: So my hypothesis is POECIAZEK < PIENIAZEK < PIENIĄŻEK in Polish spelling. The latter means "a small coin". The only way to test this hypothesis is to uncover the original baptism certificate of your grandmother Stanisława - very likely handwritten - and to see if PIENIĄŻEK fits the pattern.

This surname is reasonably popular in Poland - as this distribution of surname Pieniążek in Poland reveals. According to this "there are 4091 persons named Pieniążek in Poland. They live in 240 various towns and districts. Most of them are registered in Przeworsk, exactly 561."

The surname Pieniążek has a long history in Poland. In addition to several Polish noble clans using it (coats of arms: Odrowąż, Jelita, Leliwa, Prus II), the surname was also used by craftsmen and peasants.

Genealogy / Help finding info about Naliborski [23]

As it was already discussed in this thread: help finding info about Naliborski, merged
surname Naliborski is practically non-existent in Polish databases. Old documents mention only few such names. However, the surname Nalborski, although not very popular either, appears in several databases:

Moi Krewni (My family) database lists moikrewni.pl/mapa/kompletny/nalborski.html 143 Naliborski (male surname)[/url] and moikrewni.pl/mapa/kompletny/nalborska.html 180 Naliborska (female surname)[/url] - altogether 323 residents of Poland, bearing this surname.

Polish Toledo, polishtoledo.com/lastnames.htm lists 337 surnames Nalborski - alongside of 379 surnames Nalborczyk.

Apparently both forms: Nalborski and Naliborski exist in USA, often within the same family. I am familiar with a case of one Nalborski, born in Poznań Province of Prussia (partitioned from former Poland), whose children were bearing Naliborski name in USA.

Based on the above Naliborski seems to be a corrupted version of Nalborski surname.
According to stankiewicze.com , Nalborski derives from the name Albert, noted in Poland since XII c., which in turn derives from Germanic Adalbert, deriving from "adal" (noble) + "beraht " (clear, famous).

More is said about the subject here: portalwiedzy.onet.pl/130599,,,,albert,haslo.html (Wiem, darmowa encyklopedia) (in Polish)

Given name Albert: Shortened form of Adalbert or Albrecht from the words "adal" (good, noble) + "beraht" (bright, glossy, shiny), which translate into "noble shining".

In Poland the Albert name has been used since 12th c., mostly among aristocracy, in the following forms: Adalbert, Adalpert, Adelbert, Albert, Albart, Albrecht, Albracht, Albrycht, Holbracht, Holbrocht, Holbrycht, Jalbart, Jalbrecht, Jolbracht, Olbart, Olbert, Olbracht, Olbrat, Olbrecht, Olbret, Olbrocht, Olbrycht, Owracht, Owrecht, Ulbrecht, Ulrycht.

Polish surnames derived from Albert:
Albarski, Albart, Alber, Alberciak, Alberech, Alberski, Albert, Albertowicz, Albertusiak, Albiert, Albirt, Albierzewicz, Albracht, Albrech, Albrechciński, Albrechczyński, Albrechowicz, Albrecht, Albrechtowicz, Albrechts, Albrewczyński, Albrich, Albrych, Albrychciński, Albrychewicz, Albrychowicz, Albrycht, Albrychtowicz, Aubrecht, Halber, Halberda, Halberski, Halbert, Halbrycht, Halbrut, Helbert, Helbrecht, Helbrych, Elbracht, Elbrych, Elbryś, Jalbert, Nalberciak, Nalberczak, Nalbertowicz, Nalborski, Obracht, Obrechta, Obrotka, Obrych, Obryk, Olber, Olberek, Olberski, Olbert, Olbracht, Olbercht, Olbracht, Olbrecht, Olbrich, Olbricht, Olbrych, Olbrycht, Olbrychski, Olbryk, Ulbert, Ulbrich, Ulbricht, Ulbrych, Ulbik, Ulbin.

Genealogy / Petrzywalski family [13]


I have found few details that might be of interest to you. Your ancestor, John Sigismund Petrzywalski was going by the last name Petrziwalsky in the year 1858. According to London Gazette, July 23, 1858 a man named Johann Von Nepomuk Siegmund Petrziwalsky, of Pall-mall, in the county of Middlesex, applied for a patent for the invention of improvements in the manufacture of bread, and in the apparatus to be employed therein on the 20th day of July, 1858.

Notice the swapping of the characters "y" and "i" in his last name: Petrzywalski vs. Petrziwalsky in his early years in England. Compare it to the Czech spelling (with diacritics) Petřvalský.

"Johann Von Nepomuk" translates into English as "John of Nepomuk" or "John Nepomucene". The Czech version of this name would spell "Jan Nepomucký" or Jan or Johánek z Pomuka. The confusing thing here is the geographical name "Nepomuk". The place was originally called "Pomuk", but it was later converted to "Nepomuk". And since the prefix "NE" stands for "NO", this have become a source of great puzzling confusion - at least for the uninitiated people like you and I. :-)

Anyway, whether it was Pomuk or Nepomuk, Jan of Nepomuk has become one of early Czech Catholic martyrs (1345 - 1393). He was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of Wenceslaus the IV, King of the Germans (formally Romans) and Bohemia.

The interesting fact, in relation to your great-great-grandfather, is that he carefully specified whose Jan he had referred to. In the Roman Catholic calendar there are many days devoted to various saints. The name Jan appears there about 40 times in a year. There is a day devoted to Jan Baptista, Jan z Dukli (patron of Poland and Lithuania) and Jan z Nepomuka, etc. My great-grandfather used to stress that his patron was Jan of Dukla, so his name-day was in September - not in June 24, a day devoted to John the Baptist. But he did not have it written down in any document; while your ancestor of two generations before stated it very clearly.

It is worthy to point out that today's Czech people are quite agnostic; nevertheless the Roman Catholic Church is one of the strongest religions there: about 60% Czechs are unaffiliated, there are about 2.1% Protestants, 8.8% unspecified, 3.3% belonging to other religions and 26.8% belonging to the Roman Catholic Church. I cannot pre-judge whether or not this is a strong proof that he was Catholic rather than Jewish, but this is something to think about. Obviously a visit to Lipnik (on Beèvou) cemeteries, especially the two Jewish ones (The Old and the New) should help you very much in this matter.

The London Gazette is quite an interesting source of information about Petrzywalski family. On November 19, 1878 it puts a notice regarding claims against estate of John Sigismund Petrzywalski, Baker and Restaurant Keeper, who died in or about the month of June, 1874, on or before the 16th day of December, The notice mentions his wife Salome as the executrix of the said deceased.

So 16 years later he is already known as Petrzywalski, not Petrziwalsky.

A dozen or so years later, The London Gazette, December 10, 1890 prints the notice about dissolving the partnership in the business of Bakers and Confectionere between Charles Jean Joseph Georges Petrzywalski and Samuel Garner.

But this is not the end of the story: The London Gazette, 6 September, 1927 posts a notice by your Great Uncle Ralph:


london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33309/pages/5784/page.pdf

Well, to complicate the naming issues. There are other variations of the Pet... spelling. Moravske Noviny, year 1868. mentions H. Petrziwalski from Lipnik - a mayor of Lipnik, I think? This time the name has two "I" characters.

Oh, and check this: kdejsme.cz/prijmeni/Pet%C5%99valsk%C3%BD/

This is a current distribution of 81 Petřvalský surnames in entire Czech Republic. They mostly live in Moravia: 13 in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, 9 in Frýdek - Místek, and only 3 in Lipník nad Beèvou, where your ancestor Jan Zikmund came from.

Language / Adjective endings for Polish surnames - the role of the suffixes? [8]


Forgive me for saying so but "duda" is one of these smile-invoking words; not really funny but the one usually generating friendly response - maybe because of its onomatopoeic sound, or maybe because various associations in people's minds. I listed some derivations from this word in another thread ( Duda Family ), so you should get some understanding why is it so.

Making diminutive words out of the basic ones is quite easy in Polish: kot (a cat) becomes kot-ek or better yet - kot-uś, pies (dog) becomes pies-ek, pies-io or about some other 10 diminutive versions - evoking all sorts of emotions towards that shaggy animal.

Following that pattern with "Duda" one ends up with at least two diminutives: "Dudek" and "Duduś". Problem is, these two words have special meanings by themselves, so they may produce unexpected effects and audience reactions. All positive, but sometimes comical. A loving mother could inadvertently make a young boy a victim of school jokes, by calling him "Duduś" in public, while his real name was Jerry or so. This could happen when a small child had problems with pronunciation of some word, and ended up making "tuta", "duda" or some other such sounds. Some boys carry such nicknames with pride, and later as a badge of honour.

One example is Jerzy "Duduś" Matuszkiewicz (born 1928), a Polish jazz musician and composer,
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_Matuszkiewicz

I do not know who gave him this nickname; it could be an affectionate badge given to him by his fellow musicians.
Ach to był szał / Gdy Duduś grał / Na saksofonie
Oh it was a craze / When Duduś played / The saxophone
[Composed by Matuszkiewicz, lyrics and performance by Wojciech Młynarski (1941), a Polish singer, songwriter and translator. A known figure in the Polish musical scene, he is most famous for sung poetry and ballads.]

Another Polish figure with Dudek nickname was Edward Dziewoński (1916-2002), an actor, director, comedian.
He founded a satirical cabaret "Kabaret Dudek" (1965-1989), which he directed and where he performed with the best Polish actors of those times.

The official meaning of "Dudek" in Polish is a name of a middle size migratory bird (Upupa epops), notable for its distinctive 'crown' of feathers. Its English name is "Hoopoe". Like the Latin name upupa, the English name is an onomatopoetic form which imitates the cry of the bird (up-up-up). The Polish version "dudek" comes from the sound ud-ud-ud. The bird has several folk names in Poland, imitating its call: utek, hupka, ubek, wudwudek, wudwud. Russians call it udod, French huppe.

The word dudek is sometimes used in reference to someone foolish, not very smart.
Polish sayings:
"Każdy dudek ma swój czubek" - Every hoopoe has its crown (Indicating someone immodest, a braggart)
"Wystrychnąć kogoś na dudka" - to fool someone, to cheat.

The diminutive name "Duduś" has many uses. Some shopping centres, specializing in all things for kids, are called "Duduś".
"Duduś Wesołek" (Duduś the Cheerful One) is a very happy piglet who loves mischief and fun. He experiences remarkable adventures together with his friends: Tasia, Mela and Ferdek.

It is used as a dog name too. There are 388 people with surname "Duduś" living in Poland, And there are 46,150 people named "Dudek".

Language / Standard Polish taught in schools? [18]


Throwing a classic ball to you:

W antrejce na ryczce
Stały pyry w tytce
Przyszła niuda, spucła pyry
A w wymborku myła giry
..
W przedpokoju na stołku
Stały ziemniaki w papierowej torebce
Przyszła świnia, zjadła ziemniaki
A w wiadrze myła nogi

Blubry Starego Marycha: youtube.com/watch?v=WflbU0y-OeI

Genealogy / Seborowski origin (Grajewo region) [8]


Believe me, I was not searching for Romany-Sebory, but for something completely different, and here pops up this treasure trove: "Herbarz szlachty gniazdowej parafii Krzynowłoga Mała, położonej w powiecie przasnyskim, w ziemi ciechanowskiej, województwie mazowieckim." (Heraldy of coats of arms of lesser nobility from parish Krzynowłoga Mała, Przasnysz County, Ciechanów Land, Mazovia Voivodship).

akson.sgh.waw.pl/~apszczol/kmherb.htm, What a bonus!

Krzynowłoga Mała is a municipality, an administrative commune (gmina) to which Romany-Sebory belongs - together with several other "Romany-like" villages: Romany-Fuszki, Romany-Janowięta, and Romany-Sędzięta.

According to the Heraldy the family de Romany (supposedly of Roman origin), Ślepowron coat of arms was related to a Hungarian branch Hunyady, Korwin coat of arms. They initially (since 13th c) owned Romany village in the parish Krzynowłoga Mała. In 15th c. they changed their surname to Roman. According to the early 15th century documents family of de Romany was very active settlement-wise. They quickly subdivided into two main lines: Wisko line (Romany village near Szczytno) and Przasnysz line. The latter was subdivided into three groups:

+ Southern one, with villages from Krzynowłoga Mała Parish: Romany-Fuszki, Romany-Górskie (mountainous), Romany-Janowięta (descendants of Jan), Romany-Kosiorki, Romany-Misie (bears), Romany-Powije, Romany-Rzytki (asses), Romany-Wszebory (descendants of Wszebor), Romany-Zdrzyski i Romany-Złotokierz (golden bushes).

+ Western one: Romany-Zalesie (beyond a forest)
+ Northern one, belonging to Krzynowłoga Wielka, along the little river Krzynowłoga aka Ulatówka. The villages are known as: Romany-Borki (small coniferous forest), Romany-Janki (descendants of Jan), Romany-Karcze (clearings in a forest), Romany-Sędzięta (descendants of a judge), Romany-Ślepowrony (Ślepowron=Roman family coat of arms), Romany-Zajki and Romany-Skierki

The Romans, extensively branched in the Middle Ages, and in later centuries were the owners of farms and portions of various noble estates, in most parishes of Przasnysz county, and the surrounding counties. In 1676 alone there were 22 families sharing Roman surname in parish of Krzynowłoga Mała alone. The Romans today belong to one of the largest families in the Przasnysz region. In 1990, 275 people by the name of Roman lived in Ciechanow voivodship (the old administrative division), 324 - in Ostroleka, and 322 - in Olsztyn. In total, this constituted 16% of all those bearing that surname in Poland.

The Heraldy does not mention Romany-Sebory though, but it seems that this village used to be known as Romany-Wszebory. This information comes from two sources:

1. Gazeta Warszawska, R. 112, 1885, nr 190 + addendum, ebuw.uw.edu.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=77129
Mentions auction of: Romany Wszebory vel Sebory

2. Miejscowości Suwalszczyzny i ziem przyległych w końcu XIX wieku, linia-polnocna.internetdsl.pl/SGKP/litera_R.html
Lists Romany-Sebory (Wszebory)

Wszebor is an Old Polish masculine name, made of two parts: Wsze- ("wszystek, każdy, zawsze") [all, everything, always] + -bor ("walczyć, zmagać się")[to fight, to struggle]. Wszebor therefore means: one to whom fight is everything in life. It has several variations: Wszebor, Wszabor, Wświebor, Świebor, Śwsiebor, Siebor, Siabor, Szabor, Szebor, Wszeborz, Świeborz, Śwsieborz, and Sebor.

========
Based on this information, one may generalize a transition from surname Wszeborowski to Seborowski. There are altogether 419 people in Poland with surname Wszeborowski : Kolno 129, Grajewo 46, Pisz 40, town of £omża 24, Gdański 21, £omża 17, Zambrów 15, etc.

I therefore stand corrected: Seborowski is not a misspelled surname Zaborowski, but a variation on surname Wszeborowski.

Genealogy / Duda Family [23]

^^
Check these threads:

https://polishforums.com/genealogy/nobility-names-skii-25023/