my surname is Polonised from 'Bernhardt'. My surname is of German origin.
Also, Bernat [Bernard] is a popular French name.
This is quite likely. According to Polish authors writing on genealogy (Adam Boniecki or Kazimierz Rymut), the Germanic name Bernhardt (bern = bear) was the source for the Polish name "Biernat --> Bernat". This name (along with others such as Katarzyna or Jerzy) came into Polish in the Middle Ages through the Czech language together with Christianity. This Czech influence was the greatest in Silesia and Little Poland (Małopolska).
This is an interesting story, this union between your great grandfather and a Belarussian woman. I think it was quite rare for a native Breslauer to marry someone from Belarus (from the Soviet or the Polish part of it?) at that time, that is before the year 1939.
Was the exact form of your GGF's surname in Breslau "Bernatowicz" (with the Polish way of spelling the 'cz' sound) or is it the result of any official polonisation of slightly other original German form in Poland after the end of the WW II?
Mods should change the name in the title of this thread (separated by them from another thread) from "Bartkowiak" to "Bernatowicz" since Bartkowiak is only the nickname of the OP, but we are discussing the surname "Bernatowicz" here.