well, my family name is Godlewski. This name does not derive from "godło" and nobody knows about it's origins. People who bear this name come from northeastern part of Mazovia, from several villages which contains name "Godlewo" in their names, e.g. Godlewo Wielkie (Great) where my grandpa was born. Godlewskis were poor szlachta (noblemen) who were probably brought here to fight against Prussians, as they bear coat of arms "Gozdawa". This coat of arms was at first received in late 11 century by knight Herman from Prince Władysław Herman who was ruler of Poland at the time. This knight was fighting against Prussians. Of course there may be particular groups of peasants who received this name from their lord (there was once such a practise).
If you want to learn more please contact me superdaniel@go2.pl